浙江大学院士段树民于2012年牵头建立了中国人脑库，这是中国最早的脑库之一1。该机构通过采集捐献者的脑组织样本，为神经精神类疾病的科研提供基础材料1。2012年底，首例脑组织捐献来自一位亨廷顿舞蹈病患者1。经过多年发展，中国人脑库已在2019年入选科技部国家科技资源共享服务平台1，并与北京协和医学院建设的资源库形成协作联盟，现有超过20个成员单位1。
尽管取得进展，脑库仍面临严峻的"缺脑"难题1。为扭转这一局面，2022年渐冻症患者蔡磊发起了"最后一颗子弹"计划，动员1000名渐冻症患者捐献脑脊髓组织1。这一举措迅速带来成效——同年7月，国内迎来首例由渐冻症患者捐献的脑和脊髓组织1，为脑库发展注入了新的动力。段树民坦言，中国脑库成立十余年来，最大的困难始终是"缺脑"1。
Academician Duan Shumin from Zhejiang University has led the establishment of one of China's earliest brain banks—the China Human Brain Bank—which has evolved into a national-level scientific and technological resource-sharing platform 1. The brain bank collects brain tissue samples from donors to provide fundamental research materials for investigations into neuropsychiatric diseases 1. The initiative began in 2012 when Duan spearheaded the creation of the China Human Brain Bank at the School of Medicine, Zhejiang University 1, with the first brain tissue donation recorded at the end of that year from a Huntington's disease patient 1.
Despite over a decade of operation, the brain bank continues to face significant challenges, with Duan noting that "the greatest difficulty remains the shortage of brains" 1. A major breakthrough came in 2022 when ALS patient Cai Lei launched the "Last Bullet" initiative, mobilizing 1,000 ALS patients to donate brain and spinal cord tissue 1. This effort yielded results, as China received its first brain and spinal cord donation from an ALS patient in July 2022 1. The China Human Brain Bank was recognized as a national technology resource-sharing service platform by the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2019 1, and currently operates as part of an alliance with over 20 member institutions in collaboration with resource repositories established by Beijing Coordinated Medical University 1.
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