插电式太阳能板在美国迅速合法化

插电式太阳能板（又称阳台太阳能）正在美国快速推进合法化进程。1这种小型、便携、低成本的太阳能发电系统可直接插入家中电源使用，1加州最近成为第十个通过立法简化安装流程的州。1犹他州在2025年春季率先合法化了这项技术，1随后科罗拉多州、康涅狄格州、缅因州、马里兰州、新罕布什尔州、新泽西州、佛蒙特州、弗吉尼亚州也相继通过了相关法律。1纽约州议员同样批准了待州长签署的法案，1而约二十多个州的立法者已引入了类似法案。1

这些系统通常由1至3块面板组成，可贡献家庭用电量的10%至30%。1用户能够通过这一技术节省电费并减少对化石燃料发电的依赖。根据2017年的学术研究计算，广泛采用插电式太阳能可使美国居民每年节省约130亿美元。1使用者尼克·丹茨为单块面板系统支付不到300美元，自8月以来已节省超过300美元电费。1

国际方面，瑞典家具连锁店宜家在德国销售插电式太阳能套件，过去几年在德国安装了超过100万套。1在安全认证方面，UL Solutions今年早些时候为插电式太阳能系统制定了安全标准并已认证一家制造商。1英国政府6月进行的产品测试中，未发现直接电气危害。1

Plug-in solar panels, also known as balcony solar systems, are emerging as an accessible renewable energy option for homeowners across the United States. These compact, portable, and low-cost systems can be directly connected to a home's electrical outlet, and California has recently become the tenth state to legalize their installation 1. Utah led the way by becoming the first state to approve the technology in spring 2025 1, followed by Colorado, Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Vermont, Virginia, and now California 1. Additionally, New York legislators have approved a bill awaiting the governor's signature 1, while more than twenty other states have introduced similar legislation 1.

The potential impact of widespread adoption is substantial. Typical systems consisting of one to three panels can contribute between 10 and 30 percent of a household's electricity consumption 1. According to calculations by researcher Joshua Pearce in a 2017 journal article, broad adoption of this technology could save American residents approximately $13 billion annually on electricity costs 1. Real-world adoption already demonstrates the financial benefits: one user, Nick Dentz, paid less than $300 for a single-panel system and has saved over $300 in electricity costs since August 1.

International examples show the viability of the technology at scale. Swedish furniture retailer IKEA has been selling plug-in solar kits in Germany and has installed over one million units there in recent years 1. Safety standards are also being established, with UL Solutions issuing safety standards for plug-in solar systems earlier this year and certifying one manufacturer 1. The British government tested multiple products in June and found no direct electrical hazards 1.