在POSETTE 2026大会上，工程师Sai Srirampur通过基准测试对比分析了PostgreSQL在不同存储方案上的性能表现1。测试采用m6id.4xlarge实例（16vCPU、64GB内存）、3.3亿行数据和64个并发客户端的高随机UPDATE工作负载1，结果显示存储类型对数据库性能的影响巨大1。
采用本地NVMe存储的PostgreSQL集群中位吞吐量达到16,030 TPS，相比基于EBS的集群的1,734 TPS高出9.24倍1。事务延迟同样显著改善，从EBS的36.9毫秒降至NVMe的4.0毫秒1。底层原因在于存储I/O延迟差异——NVMe页面读取延迟仅为0.3毫秒，而EBS约为19毫秒；WAL fsync操作中，NVMe延迟为1.5毫秒，EBS则为11毫秒1。数据维护操作同样受影响，NVMe用366秒完成10GB数据块的VACUUM清理，而EBS需时964秒1。
针对生产环境部署，Srirampur提出了包含两个备用节点的仲裁同步复制、对象存储外部备份和WAL-G连续归档的架构方案1，以实现NVMe存储性能优势与高可用性的结合。
At POSETTE 2026, engineer Sai Srirampur presented benchmark testing demonstrating that PostgreSQL's perceived slowness often stems from inadequate storage rather than database design flaws 1. The analysis compared performance metrics between PostgreSQL instances running on Amazon EBS and local NVMe storage, revealing significant disparities across critical operational parameters.
The benchmark results showed NVMe clusters achieving a median throughput of 16,030 transactions per second compared to EBS's 1,734 TPS—a 9.24-fold difference 1. Median transaction latency dropped from 36.9 milliseconds on EBS to 4.0 milliseconds on NVMe 1. These performance gaps extended across maintenance operations: VACUUM operations required 366 seconds to process 10GB of data blocks on NVMe versus 964 seconds on EBS, while logical replication lag clearance took 139 seconds and 238 seconds respectively 1. At the storage level, EBS page read latency measured approximately 19 milliseconds compared to 0.3 milliseconds for NVMe, and WAL fsync operations incurred roughly 11 milliseconds of latency on EBS against 1.5 milliseconds on NVMe 1.
Srirampur's testing employed m6id.4xlarge instances with 16 virtual CPUs and 64GB of memory, running a high-concurrency random UPDATE workload across 330 million rows spanning 482GB of heap data using 64 concurrent clients 1. For production deployments of NVMe-backed PostgreSQL, the presented architecture recommends employing quorum-based synchronous replication with two standby nodes, external object storage for backups, and continuous WAL archiving through WAL-G 1.
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