市场监管总局10月10日发布《中华人民共和国食品安全法（修订草案征求意见稿）》，对食品安全违法处罚制度进行调整1。此举针对近年来备受争议的"小过重罚"现象，旨在让执法更加合理适度。
现行食品安全法自2015年修订以来，将罚款起点由2000元提高至5万元1。这一规定采取以"货值金额一万元"为界的分层罚款制度：货值不足一万元处以5万元起步定额罚款，超过一万元按货值一定倍数罚款1。这种设计在实践中引发了过度处罚争议。2022年的"榆林毒芹菜案"即为典型——陕西榆林某蔬菜粮油店因7斤、货值约20元的芹菜被罚6.6万元1，引发广泛关注。
修订草案将做出重要调整：将货值金额一万元以下的罚款由定额罚改为倍数罚1，以实现过罚相当原则，避免对小微经营主体过度处罚。此外，市场监管总局在2025年初已发布"首违不罚清单"和"轻微免罚清单"，对12种首次违法和轻微违法行为不予处罚1，与此次修订相呼应。
The State Administration for Market Regulation released a draft amendment to the Food Safety Law on October 10, proposing to revise penalty standards that have drawn widespread criticism for disproportionately punishing minor violations 1. The proposed changes aim to shift away from fixed-amount fines for low-value violations toward penalties calculated as multiples of the violation's value, thereby achieving proportionality in enforcement and preventing excessive punishment of small businesses 1.
The amendment targets a longstanding concern highlighted by several controversial cases in recent years 1. A 2022 incident in Yulin, Shaanxi Province, exemplified the problem when a vegetable and grain store was fined 66,000 yuan for selling approximately 7 pounds of celery valued at roughly 20 yuan 1. Under current regulations adopted in the 2015 revision of the Food Safety Law, the base penalty for violations was raised from 2,000 yuan to 50,000 yuan, with a critical threshold set at 10,000 yuan in violation value 1. Below this threshold, merchants face a flat fine of at least 50,000 yuan; above it, fines are calculated as multiples of the merchandise value 1.
The proposed draft would eliminate this fixed-penalty structure for violations involving goods valued below 10,000 yuan, replacing it with a proportional calculation system 1. In early 2025, the market regulator began implementing more lenient enforcement measures, releasing lists of first-time violations and minor infractions that would not result in penalties, covering twelve categories of such violations 1. These changes reflect an effort to maintain food safety standards while making regulatory enforcement more reasonable and measured 1.
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