经济学家玛丽亚娜·马祖卡托在新著《共同利益经济》中提出，政府应当改变与私营部门的互动方式，从被动修复市场失灵转向积极塑造市场治理方向 1。她指出当前体制存在结构性问题：国家承担风险进行基础研究、培训人才、建设基础设施，最终利润却流向私企股东 1。这种"社会化风险，私有化收益"的模式引发了她对公共部门角色的深层反思 1。
为推动改革，马祖卡托提出了五向指南针框架，包括强调长期公共价值、共同创造、集体学习、收益分享和透明问责 1。她建议通过税收、资本收益税或政府股权参与等机制实现利润分享，并列举了挪威主权财富基金和卡姆登社区财富基金等成功案例 1。伦敦卡姆登更新委员会将这些理念付诸实践，制定了四大任务目标，包括权力结构多样化、创造青年经济机遇、保障食品安全获取和建设可持续社区，力争在2030年前实现 1。澳大利亚财政部长吉姆·查尔默斯曾在2023年的文章中称马祖卡托的分析"有影响力" 1。
Economist Mariana Mazzucato argues in her new book "The Value of Everything" that the current economic system is fundamentally flawed, proposing a radical rethinking of the relationship between government and business.1 She contends that governments should shift from merely fixing market failures to actively shaping how markets function.1 Her central criticism targets what she calls the "socialization of risk and privatization of reward"—a pattern in which the public sector undertakes foundational research, trains workers, and builds infrastructure, yet the resulting profits flow primarily to private company shareholders.1
To address this imbalance, Mazzucato proposes a five-part framework she calls the "compass," which emphasizes long-term public value creation, collaborative development, collective learning, profit sharing, and transparent accountability.1 She advocates for governments to reclaim a share of returns through mechanisms such as taxation, capital gains taxes, or direct equity participation in companies that benefit from public investment.1 The Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund and Camden Community Wealth Fund serve as examples of this approach in practice.1 The Camden Update Commission in London has implemented these principles through its four core missions, aiming by 2030 to diversify power structures, create youth economic opportunities, ensure food security access, and build sustainable communities.1 Australian Treasurer Jim Chalmers has described her analysis as "influential," acknowledging her contribution to economic policy discussions in 2023.1
评论
还没有评论，欢迎留下第一条。