格鲁吉亚已成为全球主要代孕中心。12023年该国注册代孕母亲超过3000人，自2012年以来已累计生育超5000名儿童。1近年来代孕需求增长明显，2021年约有300名代孕母亲在格鲁吉亚生育，到2023年这一数字增至1100人以上。1俄乌战争后，多个国际中介机构从俄罗斯迁移至格鲁吉亚，进一步推动了该国代孕产业的扩张。12022年起俄罗斯禁止外国客户签署代孕合同，强化了格鲁吉亚作为替代地的地位。1
格鲁吉亚代孕的低成本是其吸引国际委托方的主要因素。1该国代孕平均费用为45000至55000欧元，仅为其他国家的三分之一。1代孕母亲的平均薪酬在18000至28000欧元之间，携带双胞胎的情况下可获得额外奖金。1
然而，人权组织对格鲁吉亚的代孕制度提出严重关切。人权律师尼娜·博格维拉泽（Nina Bogveradze）指出，格鲁吉亚法律仅规范代孕母亲、意向父母和诊所之间的关系，未对中介机构的角色进行规范。1国际妇女健康联盟等人权组织认为，格鲁吉亚的代孕实践存在缺陷，代孕母亲在怀孕期间无法保留婴儿、退出或终止妊娠，违反了妇女的生殖自主权。1人权组织指出，受经济利益驱动，中介机构对代孕母亲进行剥削，同时对意向父母施压。1
Georgia has emerged as a global surrogacy hub, with the industry experiencing dramatic growth following the Russia-Ukraine war.1 The number of registered surrogate mothers in Georgia exceeded 3,000 in 2023, and since 2012 the country has seen more than 5,000 children born through surrogacy arrangements.1 The surge has been particularly steep in recent years: approximately 300 surrogate mothers gave birth in Georgia in 2021, a figure that climbed to over 1,100 by 2023.1
The affordability of Georgian surrogacy has made it an attractive destination internationally.1 Intended parents can complete surrogacy arrangements for an average cost of €45,000 to €55,000—roughly one-third the price in other countries—while surrogate mothers earn between €18,000 and €28,000, with additional bonuses for carrying twins.1 The geopolitical shift accelerated the industry's growth after Russia prohibited foreign clients from signing surrogacy contracts starting in 2022, prompting multiple international intermediary agencies to relocate from Russia to Georgia.1
However, human rights advocates have raised serious concerns about the industry's regulatory framework and practices.1 Legal expert Nina Bogveradze highlighted that Georgian law fails to regulate the role of intermediary agencies, addressing only relationships among surrogate mothers, intended parents, and clinics.1 International organizations including the International Women's Health Coalition argue that Georgia's surrogacy practices violate women's reproductive autonomy, as surrogate mothers cannot retain custody of infants, withdraw from agreements, or terminate pregnancies during gestation.1 Rights groups further contend that intermediary agencies, driven by profit motives, exploit surrogate mothers while pressuring intended parents.1
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