俄罗斯军队将被俘虏的乌克兰战俘和叛逃者编入马克西姆·克里沃尼斯营等作战单位，用于对抗乌克兰军队。1这些单位的成员都是2023-2024年间被俄军捕获的前乌克兰军人。1
大量证据表明俄军采用强制手段征募这些战俘。乌克兰公共广播公司Suspilne的调查小组已识别超过30名成员，确认他们都是2023-2024年间被俘虏的乌克兰军人。125岁的帕夫洛·奥利尼克在2024年于顿巴斯地区被俘后，声称在俄罗斯监禁期间遭受电击、殴打和心理折磨。1联合国人权事务高级专员办公室2025年报告指出，95%获释的乌克兰战俘报告遭刑讯逼供或虐待。1
奥利尼克进一步透露，尽管被纳入这支部队，但他在2025年3月逃脱前从未参加过战斗。1他表示在监禁期间被俄军情报机构私人承包商监视，月薪以信封形式发放，手机处于监控状态。1战争退伍兵和人权活动人士马克西姆·布特克维奇称，2022-2023年间所有乌克兰战俘都收到过加入俄军的"或多或少持之以恒"的提议。1关于部队规模，俄罗斯媒体宣称马克西姆·克里沃尼斯营约200人，但视频证据仅显示数十人。1
Russia has incorporated captured Ukrainian soldiers and defectors into combat formations, including the Maksim Krivonos Battalion, to deploy them against Ukrainian forces 1. These units consist entirely of former Ukrainian military personnel captured by Russian forces between 2023 and 2024 1. Extensive evidence indicates that Russian authorities used torture, psychological manipulation, and threats to compel prisoners into military service, raising serious questions about the voluntary nature of their recruitment 1.
Pavlo Olinyk, 25 years old, was captured in the Donbas region in 2024 and reported undergoing electric shock, beatings, and psychological torment during his detention in Russia 1. According to investigators, reports of Russian combat units composed of Ukrainian prisoners began emerging in late 2022, with multiple such units consolidated into the "Ukrainian Volunteer Special Forces Brigade" in August 2024 1. The actual size of the Maksim Krivonos Battalion remains disputed: Russian media claims approximately 200 members, while video evidence documents only dozens 1. Ukrainian public broadcaster Suspilne's investigation team has identified over 30 verified members, all confirmed as former Ukrainian soldiers captured by Russian forces in 2023–2024 1.
The UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights reported in 2025 that 95 percent of released Ukrainian prisoners of war reported cases of torture or abuse 1. Olinyk stated that during his imprisonment, he was monitored by private contractors working for Russian intelligence, received his salary in envelopes, had his phone under surveillance, and never participated in combat before escaping in March 2025 1. Maksim Butkevych, a war veteran and human rights activist, claimed that between 2022 and 2023, all Ukrainian prisoners of war received "more or less persistent" offers to join Russian military forces 1.
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