ALPHA合作组的七名理论物理学家近日公布了对强相互作用耦合常数的最新测定结果1。他们采用格点量子色动力学和阶跃缩放方法，仅基于低能量输入（包括介子和重子质量等），在Z玻色子质量处确定强耦合常数αs的值为0.11876±0.000581。这一结果的精度达到千分之4.9，相比粒子数据组此前千分之7.6的精度有所提升1。
这项计算耗费约4亿核心小时的计算资源，利用更细的格点间距和第二种独立方法进行验证1。新测定的强耦合常数与粒子数据组平均值相符，标志着强相互作用理论精度实现重大突破1。这一成果发表于2026年4月的《自然》期刊，为未来高能物理实验提供了更为可靠的理论基础1。
The ALPHA collaboration has determined the strength of the strong nuclear force with remarkable accuracy, setting a new standard for theoretical physics calculations. Seven theoretical physicists from the collaboration used lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and step-scaling methods to calculate the strong coupling constant αs at the Z boson mass, obtaining a value of 0.11876 ± 0.00058 1. This measurement achieves a precision of 4.9 parts per thousand, representing a significant improvement over the previous Particle Data Group average precision of 7.6 parts per thousand 1.
The calculation relied exclusively on low-energy quantum chromodynamics inputs, such as meson and baryon masses, and required approximately 400 million core-hours of computational effort 1. The refined lattice spacing and introduction of a second independent verification method strengthened confidence in the results, which were published in Nature in April 2026 1. This breakthrough builds on the collaboration's 2017 achievement of obtaining sub-1% precision for the first time, and now delivers results that align with established particle data measurements while providing more reliable theoretical predictions for future high-energy physics experiments 1.
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