精神病院为何扎堆更名

全国多地精神病医院近年来纷纷更改院名。1郴州市精神病院于今年9月更名为郴州市第六人民医院，防城港市精神病医院则更名为防城港市第四人民医院。1这一波集中更名的初衷是为了消除病耻感，但背后反映出精神专科医院面临的深层运营困境。1

医院成本压力急剧上升是更名潮的真实驱动力。1人员薪酬社保支出占业务支出的比重从45%左右升至超过65%，1而医保支付方式改革、收费项目整合等政策变化进一步压低了医院收入。1淳安县第二人民医院的精神专科病区在5个月试运行期间亏损约85万元，其63张床位需要达到90%的使用率才能覆盖运行成本。1仅改变医院名称无法解决这些系统性问题，真正的解决方案需要财政投入增加、医保价格调整、人才补给以及医院自身运营能力的提升。1

为规范精神卫生服务，相关部门推出了配套政策。12024年11月，国家医保局发布《精神治疗类医疗服务价格项目立项指南（试行）》，整合治疗项目、区分治疗与咨询、规范监护收费。1地方也在探索差异化付费模式：湖南省自2026年1月1日起施行新政策，急性期按病种付费、慢性期按床日付费；1北京市自2026年1月1日起精神病住院实行复合式支付，60天以内按项目付费，60天以上按床日定额付费。12025年4月，国家卫健委等部门启动儿科和精神卫生服务年行动。1

Psychiatric hospitals in multiple regions of China have recently undergone name changes, with institutions such as Chenzhou Psychiatric Hospital rebranding as Chenzhou Sixth People's Hospital in September 2024, and Fangchenggang Psychiatric Hospital becoming Fangchenggang Fourth People's Hospital 1. While these renamings aim to reduce stigma associated with mental illness, they reflect deeper operational challenges facing specialized mental health facilities nationwide 1.

The rebranding trend coincides with significant structural pressures on psychiatric hospitals' finances. Personnel costs have surged substantially, with salaries and social insurance expenses rising from approximately 45 percent to over 65 percent of operational budgets 1. A concrete example emerged from Chun'an County Second People's Hospital, where its psychiatric ward incurred losses of roughly 850,000 yuan during a five-month trial period, requiring 90 percent bed occupancy across its 63 beds merely to break even 1. These financial difficulties stem from multiple sources, including reforms to medical insurance payment mechanisms, consolidation of billable service items, and rising labor costs 1.

Recent policy adjustments aim to address these systemic issues. In November 2024, the National Medical Insurance Bureau released guidelines that reorganized psychiatric treatment service pricing categories, distinguished between treatment and consultation services, and standardized monitoring charges 1. Looking ahead, Hunan Province will implement a hybrid payment model beginning January 1, 2026, using disease-based fees for acute care and daily bed rates for chronic care under unified provincial standards 1. Similarly, Beijing will adopt a composite payment approach starting the same date, applying per-item billing for the first 60 days of psychiatric hospitalization and fixed daily rates thereafter 1. In April 2025, the National Health Commission and related agencies launched an action plan to strengthen pediatric and mental health services 1.