欧盟正在加紧部署战略性关键原材料供应链，以应对与中国可能升级的贸易冲突。欧盟宣布支持46个战略性关键原材料项目，总投资210亿欧元1，旨在到2030年前减少对中国稀有矿物的依赖。这一举措进行的同时，欧盟贸易谈判代表正在北京与中方就贸易不均衡问题进行谈判，中国对欧盟的日均贸易顺差达10亿英镑1。
根据欧盟的规划，到2030年，欧盟应确保自身开采全球所需关键原材料的10%、加工40%、回收25%1。在资金支持方面，欧盟成员国已为六个项目解锁10亿欧元，欧洲投资银行为八个项目提供6.6亿欧元1。其中，Keliber锂矿项目获欧洲投资银行1.5亿欧元支持1，而Carester稀土厂预计2026年底投入运营，届时产量可占全球15%1。这些项目的推进受到《2024年关键原材料法案》的法律约束1。日本自2011年以来已将对中国稀土的依赖度从90%降至60%1，为欧盟的战略提供了参考。
The European Union is backing 46 strategic critical raw materials projects with a combined investment of 21 billion euros, aiming to decrease its dependence on Chinese rare minerals by 2030 1. The initiative represents a comprehensive response to potential trade friction with China, as EU trade negotiators simultaneously engage with Chinese counterparts in Beijing to address trade imbalances 1.
Under its targets, the EU seeks to supply 10 percent of its critical raw materials through domestic extraction, process 40 percent domestically, and recycle 25 percent by 2030 1. The Carester rare earth facility is expected to become operational by the end of 2026 and could account for approximately 15 percent of global production 1. Meanwhile, the Keliber lithium mining project has secured 150 million euros in backing from the European Investment Bank 1. EU member states have already unlocked 1 billion euros for six projects, while the European Investment Bank has provided 660 million euros for eight additional initiatives 1. These efforts are underpinned by the 2024 Critical Raw Materials Act, which establishes legal obligations for the European Commission 1.
China maintains a daily trade surplus of 1 billion pounds with the EU 1. Japan provides a comparative reference point, having reduced its reliance on Chinese rare earth materials from 90 percent to 60 percent since 2011 1.
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