特朗普政府提议向参加选修实习培训(OPT)项目的国际学生征收费用，首年需支付7万美元，STEM专业毕业生如延期两年将再缴3万美元，合计10万美元。1
根据国土安全部的预测，这一政策将产生深远影响。1OPT项目注册预计下降最高44%，约420,000名参加2025-26学年OPT项目的国际学生将受到影响，占国际学生总数的三分之一。1经济学家评估显示，学士学位后的学生注册将减半，硕士学位学生注册几乎完全消除。1
该政策对美国高等教育和劳动力的长期影响令人担忧。1美国高校每年将损失25-42亿美元收入，美国STEM劳动力规模在十年内预计下降6-11%。1根据既往数据，2022年国际博士毕业生中约70%选择参加OPT项目，主要集中在STEM领域。1特朗普政府对高技能工作签证征收10万美元费用后，相关新申请数已下降90%。1
The Trump administration has introduced a proposal to charge international students substantial fees for participating in Optional Practical Training (OPT), a postgraduate work authorization program 1. Under the proposed structure, students would pay $70,000 in their first year of OPT enrollment, with STEM graduates facing an additional $30,000 charge for a two-year extension, totaling $100,000 1.
Economists have projected significant consequences from this policy. OPT registrations are predicted to decline by as much as 44 percent, while the United States' STEM workforce could shrink by 6 to 11 percent over the next decade 1. American universities would face substantial financial losses, with estimates ranging from $2.5 billion to $4.2 billion annually 1. Research indicates that postbaccalaureate student enrollments would be cut in half, while graduate-level participation would nearly disappear entirely 1.
Approximately 420,000 international students currently participate in the OPT program during the 2025-26 academic year, representing roughly one-third of all international students in the United States 1. Among international doctoral graduates in 2022, approximately 70 percent chose to pursue OPT, with the majority concentrated in STEM fields 1. The administration's precedent with high-skilled visa fees proved impactful, as applications for such positions dropped 90 percent following the imposition of a $100,000 fee in 2025 1.
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