GLP-1减肥药在降低患者生物年龄方面显示出疗效，但其潜在副作用仍是科学界关注的焦点。根据Eli Lilly和Novo Nordisk的研究，超重和糖尿病患者使用GLP-1药物的生物年龄比安慰剂组年轻2-3岁1。随着这类药物使用的急速增长，相关的安全问题日益凸显。目前美国有11%的人口正在服用GLP-1药物用于减肥，相比2024年的3%大幅增长1。
已知的副作用范围正在扩大。恶心、呕吐、腹泻和便秘等胃肠道症状是最常见的反应1，但更严重的并发症也有报告。部分使用者因药物引发眼后神经损伤而导致视力丧失，目前正在对Novo Nordisk和Eli Lilly提起诉讼1。研究还发现66%的GLP-1使用者报告至少存在一种指甲问题，此外还出现了胰腺炎、胆结石等并发症1。
儿童群体的药物使用情况引起特别警惕。2019年至2026年间，美国8-11岁儿童的GLP-1处方增加了310倍1。对此，世界卫生组织明确表示"不建议为10岁以下儿童进行药物治疗"，理由是缺乏长期证据支持1。
GLP-1 medications, which have surged in popularity for weight loss, show promise in reducing the biological age of overweight and diabetic patients, yet the scientific community continues to investigate their broader safety profile.1 Research from Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk found that patients using GLP-1 drugs had a biological age approximately 2 to 3 years younger than those receiving placebo.1 Despite these benefits, the drugs are associated with a range of side effects, from common gastrointestinal issues to rare but serious complications.
The prevalence of GLP-1 use in the United States has expanded dramatically, with 11% of Americans now taking these medications for weight loss, compared to just 3% in 2024.1 Common adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation, though emerging reports have documented more unusual complications.1 Multiple users have filed lawsuits against Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly following vision loss caused by optic nerve damage, and 66% of GLP-1 users report experiencing at least one nail-related problem.1 Additionally, cases of pancreatitis and gallstones have been documented among patients taking these drugs.1
Concerns extend to pediatric populations, where prescriptions for children ages 8 to 11 have increased 310-fold between 2019 and 2026.1 However, the World Health Organization has issued clear guidance against pharmaceutical treatment for children under 10 years old, citing insufficient long-term safety evidence.1
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