一项2025年发表的综述研究表明，昼夜节律功能障碍在ADHD患者中高度普遍，影响73-80%的患者1。这一发现为理解ADHD的生物学基础以及探索新型治疗策略提供了重要证据。
研究揭示了ADHD患者存在多项生物标志异常1。成人和儿童ADHD患者的睡眠障碍患病率分别高达80%和82%1，其中73-78%的患者存在延迟的睡眠/清醒周期1。在激素水平上，成人ADHD患者的褪黑素分泌延迟约90分钟，儿童患者的延迟幅度为45分钟1。此外，患者还表现出皮质醇节律异常1。
时间疗法的临床试验结果证实了其有效性1。在成人ADHD随机试验中，每晚0.5毫克褪黑素使褪黑素分泌高峰时间（DLMO）提前88分钟，ADHD症状减少14%1。对101名未接受药物治疗的儿童ADHD患者进行的安慰剂对照试验显示，每晚3-6毫克褪黑素连续4周使DLMO提前44分钟，总睡眠时间增加20分钟1。光疗法同样展现效果，2周的晨间光疗法（10,000勒克斯灯）使成人ADHD患者的DLMO提前31分钟，中点睡眠时间提前57分钟1。3周的行为睡眠干预使244名儿童ADHD患者在干预后6个月的症状严重程度、睡眠、生活质量和功能均显著改善1。
A 2025 review study reveals that circadian rhythm dysfunction is highly prevalent among individuals with ADHD, affecting 73 to 80 percent of patients 1. The research, led by Brandon Luu and Nadia Fabiano, documents significant biological markers distinguishing this population, including disrupted sleep patterns, delayed melatonin secretion, and abnormal cortisol rhythms 1.
The clinical manifestations are substantial: insomnia and sleep disorders occur in 80 percent of adults with ADHD and 82 percent of children with the condition 1. Between 73 and 78 percent of both child and adult patients exhibit delayed sleep-wake cycles 1. Biological measurements show that melatonin secretion timing lags approximately 90 minutes in adults and 45 minutes in children with ADHD compared to typical patterns 1.
Interventional trials demonstrate that targeted chronotherapy approaches effectively address both circadian dysfunction and ADHD symptoms 1. In a randomized trial with adults, a 0.5 milligram evening melatonin dose advanced melatonin onset by 88 minutes while reducing ADHD symptoms by 14 percent 1. A placebo-controlled study of 101 unmedicated children given 3 to 6 milligrams of melatonin nightly for four weeks showed a 44-minute advance in melatonin timing and a 20-minute increase in total sleep duration 1. Morning light therapy administered at 10,000 lux for two weeks in adults with ADHD shifted melatonin onset 31 minutes earlier and moved sleep midpoint forward by 57 minutes 1. A three-week behavioral sleep intervention in 244 children with ADHD produced significant improvements in symptom severity, sleep quality, life quality, and functioning that persisted six months after treatment completion 1.
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