西班牙民众抗议"秃鹫基金"加剧住房危机

数百名西班牙民众在马德里普埃尔塔德尔索尔广场搭帐篷示威，抗议投资基金和短期租赁平台推高房租、加剧住房短缺问题1。一名87岁退休妇女玛丽卡门·阿瓦斯卡尔因投资公司提高租金被驱逐后在医院去世，成为这场运动的标志性事件1。

过去十年间，西班牙租赁成本平均上升84%，其中马拉加市中心上升113%，马贝拉更是上升150%1。尽管抗议者和政府将投资基金炒作租金和Airbnb等因素视为危机根源，但经济学家指出住房供应不足才是主要原因1。数据显示西班牙面临约75万套住房短缺，预计到2028年可能增至100万套，而2021至2025年间新增约120万个家庭，但新建房屋不足50万套1。

在工资水平方面，西班牙平均月薪为1550欧元，工人的租金支出占收入的75%至80%1。根据西班牙银行2024年数据，仅8%的出租房由公司拥有1。民众的不满情绪得到广泛认可，72%的西班牙人支持对拥有10套或以上房产的人征收更高税费，76%支持限制短期旅游住宿1。

Hundreds of demonstrators have set up tents in Madrid's Puerta del Sol square to protest Spain's escalating housing shortage, directing blame at investment funds they accuse of inflating rental prices 1. The movement was galvanized by the case of María Carmen Abaskal, an 87-year-old retiree who died in a hospital on Wednesday after being evicted when an investment company raised her rent 1.

Rental costs across Spain have surged dramatically over the past decade, with prices rising an average of 84 percent nationwide, and significantly more in popular destinations—113 percent in central Málaga and 150 percent in Marbella 1. The situation has become increasingly untenable for workers, whose rent payments now consume 75 to 80 percent of their income, given an average monthly salary of €1,550 1. Spain faces a housing shortage of approximately 750,000 units, a figure expected to grow to one million by 2028, despite the addition of 1.2 million households between 2021 and 2025 against fewer than 500,000 newly constructed homes 1.

While protesters and government officials cite investment firms and short-term rental platforms like Airbnb as key drivers of the crisis, economists point to insufficient housing supply as the primary cause 1. Data from Spain's central bank indicates that corporate ownership accounts for only 8 percent of rental properties 1. Public support for intervention is substantial: 72 percent of Spanish citizens back higher taxes on those owning ten or more properties, and 76 percent support restrictions on short-term tourist accommodation 1.