印度2026年6月至9月的季风降雨量仅759.4毫米，较长期平均值868.6毫米下降12.6%，创过去11年来最干旱纪录1。这场严重的降雨不足主要由厄尔尼诺现象导致，引发了全国范围内的水资源和电力供应危机。
水库蓄水量大幅下降，中央水资源委员会监测的178个水库蓄水量仅为132.7亿立方米，远低于10年平均值151.1亿立方米1。受此影响，电力供应形势严峻。9月水力发电产量同比下降近16%，全国电力短缺达560万千瓦小时，为近三年最高月度短缺水平1。此外，约40%的燃煤电厂库存严重不足，仅为所需水平的四分之一1。
干旱对农业和物价造成连锁冲击。农民大范围失收，农村收入面临巨大压力。食品价格显著上涨，其中洋葱价格较去年同期上升93%，糖价上升28%，大米价格上升约8%1。农民Ramesh Reddy的遭遇反映了灾情的严重程度——他投入320000卢比种植番茄并借贷250000卢比用于灌溉，年息24%，但因灌溉井干涸导致全部损失1。
India is grappling with severe water and electricity shortages stemming from an unusually weak monsoon season. Between June and September 2026, the country received only 759.4 millimeters of rainfall, representing a 12.6% decline from the long-term average of 868.6 millimeters and marking the driest monsoon in eleven years.1 The rainfall deficit has been primarily attributed to the El Niño phenomenon.1
The weak monsoon has cascading effects across the nation's critical infrastructure and economy. Water reservoir levels monitored by India's Central Water Resources Committee fell to 132.7 billion cubic meters, below the ten-year average of 151.1 billion cubic meters.1 Hydroelectric power generation declined sharply, with September output dropping nearly 16% compared to the previous year, while the electricity shortage reached 5.6 million kilowatt-hours—the highest monthly deficit in three years.1 Additionally, approximately 40% of coal-fired power plants are operating with critically low fuel stocks, at less than one-quarter of required levels.1
The crisis extends to agriculture and food prices. Farmers across rural areas face widespread crop failures, threatening rural incomes and driving up food costs. Onion prices have surged 93% compared to the year prior, sugar prices increased 28%, and rice prices rose approximately 8%.1 Individual farmers have suffered devastating losses; one farmer, Ramesh Reddy, invested 320,000 rupees cultivating tomatoes while borrowing 250,000 rupees at an annual interest rate of 24%, only to lose the entire crop when irrigation wells dried up.1
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