人权组织指控美国向非洲第三国遣返移民违反国际法

人权观察组织发布报告，指责美国向非其公民身份所在的非洲国家遣返移民的做法违反国际法，并利用人类痛苦来阻遏移民。1自2025年特朗普重返白宫以来，已有超过500人被遣返到埃斯瓦蒂尼、加纳、南苏丹、喀麦隆、赤道几内亚、刚果民主共和国等非洲国家。1其中，埃斯瓦蒂尼接收了32名被驱逐者，其中3人已自愿返回原籍国；赤道几内亚收到65人，至少2人被快速遣返回国；刚果民主共和国4月收到来自哥伦比亚、秘鲁和厄瓜多尔的15名被驱逐者，至9月底已有11人返回原籍国。1

被遣返者在第三国和转运过程中面临严重权利侵害。1报告指出，被遣返人员在驱逐飞行中遭虐待，包括被锁链束缚约18小时、未被告知目的地、被拒绝获得必要药物和充足食物与饮水。1许多人在目的地国遭到任意拘留和虐待，随后被强行遣返回原籍国，面临刑讯逼供或死亡的风险，这违反了国际不遣返原则。1人权观察组织采访了来自6个国家的24名第三国国民后得出上述结论。1

至少12名LGBTQ+人士被遣返到将同性关系定为犯罪的非洲国家，其中包括因性取向或性别认同面临迫害风险而在美获得难民保护的人士。1美国国土安全部为这一政策辩护，称"第三国遣返是必要的公共安全工具"，并声称已获得目的地国的外交保证以确保被遣返者的安全。1

Human Rights Watch has released a report condemning the United States for deporting migrants to African nations where they are not citizens, accusing the practice of breaching international law and exploiting human suffering as a deterrent to migration.1 Since President Trump returned to the White House in 2025, more than 500 individuals have been deported to African countries other than their countries of citizenship.1

The deportations have involved numerous documented abuses during transit and upon arrival. Deportees reported being shackled for approximately 18 hours on removal flights without notification of their destination, and being denied access to necessary medications, adequate food, and drinking water.1 Upon arrival in destination countries including Eswatini, Ghana, South Sudan, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, many faced arbitrary detention and mistreatment.1 Equatorial Guinea received 65 deportees, with at least two subsequently subjected to rapid deportation back to their countries of origin.1 The Democratic Republic of Congo received 15 individuals from Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador in April, with 11 of them returning to their home countries by the end of September.1 Eswatini accepted 32 deportees, three of whom voluntarily returned to their countries of origin.1

The report highlighted particular concerns regarding vulnerable populations, documenting that at least 12 LGBTQ+ individuals were deported to African nations where same-sex relationships are criminalized, some of whom had been granted refugee protection in the United States based on persecution risks related to sexual orientation or gender identity.1 Human Rights Watch conducted interviews with 24 third-country nationals across six nations to compile its findings.1

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security defended the practice, stating that "third-country removals are a necessary public safety tool" and claiming to have obtained diplomatic assurances from destination countries guaranteeing the safety of deportees.1