印度今年6月至9月的季风降雨量仅为759.4毫米，较长期平均值868.6毫米下降12.6%，创造11年来最干旱纪录1。这场严重干旱已在能源和农业领域引发连锁危机。
由于降雨不足，全国178个水库的总储水量跌至132.7亿立方米，远低于10年平均值151.1亿立方米1。水资源短缺直接影响水电生产，9月水电发电量较上年下降近16%1。这导致全国电力短缺达5.6亿度，为三年多来月度最高纪录1。与此同时，约40%的燃煤发电厂库存已降至危险水平，仅为所需水平的四分之一1。
农业部门面临减产威胁。卡纳塔克邦农民拉梅什·雷迪投入32万卢比建设的番茄农场因灌溉井干涸而全部失收1。农业减产随之推高食品价格：洋葱价格较上年上升93%，糖价上升28%，米价上升8%1。气候科学家马德哈万·奈尔·拉吉凡指出，这场干旱的主要原因是严重的厄尔尼诺现象1。
India is grappling with severe water and electricity shortages following an unusually weak monsoon season. Between June and September 2026, the country received 759.4 millimeters of rainfall, representing a 12.6 percent decline from the long-term average of 868.6 millimeters and marking the driest monsoon in eleven years.1 This precipitation deficit has triggered cascading effects across the nation's water and energy infrastructure, compounding economic pressures on agriculture and consumers alike.
The impact on hydroelectric generation has been particularly acute. Water levels across 178 reservoirs have dropped to 132.7 billion cubic meters, falling short of the ten-year average of 151.1 billion cubic meters.1 As a result, hydroelectric power generation in September declined nearly 16 percent compared to the previous year, creating an electricity shortage of 560 million kilowatt-hours—the highest monthly deficit in more than three years.1 The crisis has extended to coal-based power plants, with approximately 40 percent of coal-fired generating facilities maintaining inventory levels at less than one-quarter of required capacity.1
The agricultural sector has borne the brunt of the drought stress. Farmers dependent on irrigation have suffered substantial losses; in Karnataka state, farmer Ramesh Reddy lost his entire tomato cultivation—an investment of 320,000 rupees—when his irrigation wells ran dry.1 These crop failures have rippled through food supply chains, with onion prices surging 93 percent year-over-year, sugar prices rising 28 percent, and rice prices increasing 8 percent.1 Climate scientist Madhavan Nair Rajeevan attributed the severe weather pattern primarily to intense El Niño conditions.1
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