新兴经济体加速太阳能部署，能源转型步伐远超欧美

新兴经济体正在以显著快于发达国家的速度推进可再生能源转型。1 2023年全球仅四分之一的电力来自可再生能源，但新增产能几乎完全基于太阳能或风能。1 印度和越南的太阳能装机容量占比已分别达到至少6%和10%，远高于全球平均的5%。1 相比之下，业内人士指出"整个亚洲电气化迅速，而整个欧洲和美国停滞不前"。1

太阳能成本大幅下降和基础设施负担轻成为中低收入国家加速能源转型的主要推动力。撒哈拉以南非洲正在成为这一转变的前沿阵地，2026年该地区预计每天安装约10万块太阳能板，较上年增长45%，并有望形成世界上最分散的电网。1 业界人士强调，"有了太阳能加电池，从太阳能本身就能获得约90%的廉价电力"。1 这种能源转变有助于降低电力成本，进而促进经济增长。1 联合国研究还发现，印度、印度尼西亚和越南的电动摩托车成本已与汽油车相当，进一步反映了新兴市场在清洁能源领域的成本竞争优势。1

Developing nations are adopting renewable energy far more swiftly than Europe and the United States, capitalizing on plummeting solar costs and minimal infrastructure burdens to accelerate their energy transition 1. While renewable sources generated only one-quarter of global electricity in 2023, nearly all newly added generation capacity worldwide relies on solar or wind power 1. This shift is particularly pronounced in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where countries are leapfrogging fossil fuel dependency.

India and Vietnam have achieved solar penetration rates of at least 6% and 10% respectively, well above the global average of 5% 1. Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing especially rapid expansion, with approximately 100,000 solar panels being installed daily in 2026—a 45% increase from the previous year 1. According to energy analyst Kingsmill Bond, "The whole of Asia is electrifying rapidly, while the whole of Europe and the US is stagnant" 1. Energy expert Joel Nana further noted that "with solar plus battery, you can get around 90% of cheap power straight from solar itself" 1.

The economic implications extend beyond electricity generation. Research by the United Nations found that in India, Indonesia, and Vietnam, electric motorcycles have reached price parity with gasoline-powered vehicles 1. This convergence of affordable renewable technology and transportation electrification promises to lower energy costs and stimulate economic growth in emerging markets, potentially transforming the global economic landscape.