美国航空航天局利用詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜的最新研究发现，21个年轻恒星周围存在极端碎屑盘，其中蕴含着火星大小行星相互碰撞的证据。1研究团队通过分析这些碎屑盘中的矿物成分和尘埃特征，将其分为两类：约三分之一的碎屑盘富含硅，推断来自火星大小天体之间的极高能碰撞；其余三分之二贫硅，源自月球大小物体的低能碰撞。1这项研究成果已于2026年10月1日发表在《天体物理学杂志》上。1
极端碎屑盘仅在年龄不超过300万年的年轻恒星周围被识别出来，其中富硅盘的出现范围进一步限制在年龄不超过3亿年的恒星系统内。1研究样本包含5个来自已归档的斯皮策观测数据和16个由韦伯太空望远镜直接观测的碎屑盘。1这些发现有助于天文学家理解太阳系早期的剧烈碰撞过程。月球被认为是地球与火星大小天体碰撞的产物，该碰撞发生在太阳形成约100万年后。1
NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has identified signs of violent planetary collisions in the debris disks surrounding young stellar systems.1 The research analyzed 21 extreme debris disks, five from archived Spitzer Space Telescope data and 16 observed directly by Webb, to characterize the mineral composition and dust properties of these systems.1 By examining the silica content of the debris, researchers classified the disks into two categories: silicon-rich disks, which indicate high-energy collisions between Mars-sized bodies, and silicon-poor disks, suggesting lower-energy impacts involving lunar-sized objects.1
The extreme debris disks were detected exclusively around stars no older than 3 million years, with silicon-rich disks limited to systems around stars younger than 300 million years.1 Approximately one-third of the observed disks contained elevated silica levels, while the remaining two-thirds exhibited lower silicon concentrations.1 These findings provide insights into the violent planetary formation processes that occurred in our own solar system's early history.1 Earth and the Moon formed approximately 1 million years after our Sun's formation, with the Moon believed to have originated from a collision between Earth and a Mars-sized body.1 The research was published on October 1, 2026, in The Astrophysical Journal.1
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