太阳能热潮正在快速重塑新兴经济体

新兴经济体正在加快采用太阳能和风能等可再生能源实现电气化，走出了不同于发达国家依赖化石燃料工业化的道路。12023年全球新增装机容量几乎全部基于太阳能或风能，尽管可再生能源仅占全球电力供应的四分之一。1由于太阳能成本低廉且可迅速部署，中等收入国家的可再生能源发电占比已超越全球平均水平。印度和越南的太阳能发电占比分别达至少6%和10%，而全球平均水平仅为5%。1

能源转型的动力还来自交通电气化的突破。联合国研究表明，在印度、印度尼西亚和越南，电动摩托车和滑板车的成本已与汽油车型相当。1撒哈拉以南非洲也在大规模扩展太阳能装机，预计2026年每天安装约10万块太阳能板，较前一年增长45%。1通过结合太阳能和电池技术，可在约90%的时间内获得廉价电力。1这种能源跨越式发展将拉动新兴市场经济增长并改善居民生活水平。观察人士指出，"整个亚洲正在快速电气化，而整个欧洲和美国则处于停滞状态"。1

Emerging economies are rapidly adopting renewable energy to electrify their regions, bypassing the fossil fuel-dependent industrialization path historically followed by developed nations.1 In 2023, solar energy accounted for at least 6% of electricity supply in India and 10% in Vietnam, both exceeding the global average of 5%.1 Sub-Saharan African countries are also scaling up solar capacity significantly, with projections showing Africa installing approximately 100,000 solar panels daily by 2026, representing a 45% increase from the previous year.1

The shift is being driven by the dramatically declining costs and rapid deployment capabilities of solar technology.1 Research from the United Nations has found that in India, Indonesia, and Vietnam, electric motorcycles and scooters have reached price parity with gasoline-powered vehicles.1 According to analysis, combining solar and battery systems can provide affordable electricity from solar sources approximately 90% of the time.1 While globally only one quarter of electricity came from renewable sources in 2023, nearly all new installed capacity in that year was based on solar or wind energy.1

Energy experts point to stark regional disparities in this transition. One analyst noted that "the whole of Asia is electrifying rapidly, while the whole of Europe and America is stagnating."1 This renewable energy leap-frogging is expected to drive economic growth and improve living standards across emerging markets.