西班牙社会党总理佩德罗·桑切斯宣布提前举行议会选举，选举将于2026年11月29日举行1。这一决定是在政府的住房政策在议会遭否决后做出的1。
桑切斯政府陷入长期僵局，主要源于议会力量分散。自2023年以来，该政府在议会中不占多数席位1，一直依赖加泰罗尼亚分离主义政党Junts的支持1，但该党拥有的7名议员拒绝支持政府的住房政策1。这导致政府在2026年上半年输掉了近四分之一的投票1。此外，西班牙自2023年以来未能通过新预算1，进一步削弱了政府的政策执行能力。
住房危机是触发此次政治危机的关键因素。西班牙目前存在约75万套住房短缺，预计到2028年可能超过100万套1。房价上涨速度是工资增长的三倍1，导致18至34岁人口中有半数仍与父母同住或在经济上依赖父母1。社会住房仅占总住房的1.7%，远低于欧盟平均水平1。
民调数据显示，保守党人民党目前领先，但右翼民粹党Vox的支持率刚刚超过18%，比2023年选举增加了约6个百分点，这可能改变即将到来的选举格局1。
Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez announced early parliamentary elections scheduled for November 29 following the rejection of his housing policy in Congress on October 2 1. The Socialist Party leader has faced mounting political difficulties since 2023, when his government lost its parliamentary majority and became dependent on support from the Catalan separatist party Junts, which comprises seven lawmakers 1.
The housing crisis has emerged as a critical flashpoint in Spanish politics. The country faces a shortage of approximately 750,000 housing units, with projections suggesting this could exceed one million by 2028 1. Housing prices have risen at three times the rate of wage growth, while roughly half of Spain's 18-to-34-year-old population either lives with parents or remains economically dependent on them 1. Social housing accounts for only 1.7 percent of the total housing stock, falling below the European Union average 1. Adding to the government's troubles, Spain has operated without a new budget since 2023, and during the first half of 2026, Sánchez's administration lost nearly a quarter of its parliamentary votes 1.
The political landscape faces further uncertainty as opinion polls show the center-right People's Party leading, while the far-right Vox party has surged to just over 18 percent support—an increase of approximately six percentage points compared to the 2023 election 1. Additional pressures stem from a migration crisis in Ceuta, where roughly 70,000 people crossed the border in late July, with at least 10,000 remaining stranded two months later 1.
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