习近平上台后提出的总体国家安全观在中共二十大后已制度化1，通过修订反间谍法、保守国家秘密法等安全相关法律，以及人事与规划等方式得以落实1。中华经济研究院第一研究所研究员刘孟俊指出，这一安全优先的政策导向已深刻改变了企业与政府的决策逻辑1。
在安全制度约束下，基层官员的激励机制已从过往追求"立功"转变为"避险"1，干部被要求提升政治可靠性1。企业与地方政府因此趋于风险规避，在政府与民企界线模糊化的背景下，面对产权不明确的局面，民营企业长期投入意愿受到限缩1。人才培育过程也被期待强调"循规蹈矩"1。
刘孟俊认为，这种风险厌恶导向直接冲击了中国的创新能力1。中国难以产生"零到一"的颠覆式创新，创新主要集中在"一到百"的规模化擴散领域，如电动车、太阳能与锂电池等产业1。然而这些规模化产业目前正面临严重的产能过剩问题1。"国家安全屏障更加巩固"已被列入十五五规划的主要目标之一1。
Scholar Liu Mengchun from the Taiwan Institute of Economic Research analyzed how Chinese leader Xi Jinping's comprehensive national security concept, formalized as institutional policy after the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, has reshaped the country's innovation landscape 1. Through legislative amendments, personnel appointments, and five-year planning initiatives, the security-prioritized approach has prompted both enterprises and government officials to adopt risk-averse strategies 1. Liu noted that officials are now evaluated primarily on political reliability rather than performance achievements, shifting their focus from pursuing accomplishments to avoiding risks 1.
This cautious environment has severely limited the scope of corporate innovation choices 1. While China excels at scaling existing technologies—what Liu described as "1 to 100" approaches exemplified by electric vehicles, solar energy products, and lithium batteries—the country struggles to generate breakthrough innovations moving from "0 to 1" 1. The talent development process itself emphasizes compliance and adherence to established norms rather than creative risk-taking 1. The blurred boundary between government and private enterprises, compounded by unclear property rights, has further discouraged long-term private sector investment 1. Industries focused on mass production and expansion now face severe overcapacity problems 1, as enterprises pursue maximum alignment with state policy rather than genuine innovation 1.
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