科学家认为，近期技术进展使火星改造从纯理论概念转变为可研究的现实可能性。1 根据2025绿火星工作坊的研究，火星改造可分三个阶段进行：首先通过温室气体将火星平均温度升高约30摄氏度，使冰层融化并形成近400万平方公里、平均深度约300米的海洋；其次引入经过设计的极端微生物进行光合作用以改变大气成分；最后在约100米高的穹顶栖息地中培育植被，通过光合作用或水电解产生可呼吸的氧气。1
Pioneer Labs首席执行官Erika DeBenedictis为该工作坊撰写了总结。1 研究表明，自然产氧过程需要约1000年才能让探险者在火星上生活而无需防护装备。1 此次技术突破得益于多方面进展，包括SpaceX星舰发射成本大幅降低、合成生物学取得突破以及气候模型的改进。1 不过，火星改造实施前仍需解决火星地下物质成分、潜在生命存在等科学谜题，以及随之而来的伦理问题。1
Recent scientific advances have transformed Mars terraforming from theoretical speculation into a credible research endeavor.1 Researchers have outlined a phased approach to transforming the Red Planet: initially raising temperatures by approximately 30 degrees Celsius to melt subsurface ice, which would create oceans covering nearly 4 million square kilometers with an average depth of about 300 meters.1 Subsequently, engineered extremophile microorganisms would be introduced to conduct photosynthesis and gradually alter the Martian atmosphere, followed by the cultivation of vegetation within dome-shaped habitats roughly 100 meters high to progressively increase oxygen levels through photosynthesis or water electrolysis.1
However, substantial challenges remain before such an ambitious undertaking could proceed.1 Scientists must first resolve fundamental questions about the subsurface composition of Mars and the potential existence of indigenous life, in addition to addressing significant ethical considerations.1 Dr. Erika DeBenedictis, Chief Executive Officer of Pioneer Labs, contributed a summary of these findings to the 2025 Green Mars Workshop.1 Key technological breakthroughs facilitating this research include dramatically reduced launch costs from SpaceX's Starship and advances in synthetic biology and climate modeling.1 Natural oxygen production through these methods would require approximately 1,000 years to render Mars habitable for explorers without protective equipment.1
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