韩国燃料运往俄罗斯引发西方制裁漏洞争议

据卫报分析港口记录和船舶追踪数据，2024年7月至8月期间，约176,000吨燃料（主要是柴油）从韩国多个港口通过7艘油轮运往俄罗斯远东地区1。其中3艘油轮已受英国和欧盟制裁1，且有一艘油轮通过船对船转运方式在韩国水域进行了货物转移1。买家包括受制裁的俄罗斯国家石油公司Rosneft和NNK1。

这批燃料运输凸显了西方制裁体系的漏洞。8月俄罗斯进口368,000吨油产品，创俄乌全面冲突以来单月最高纪录，其中31%（112,000吨）来自韩国，仅次于印度1。国际能源署数据显示，俄罗斯6月炼油能力跌至20多年来最低水平，柴油产量同比下降近30%1，解释了俄罗斯对进口燃料的需求。

韩国的行动与其公开立场存在矛盾。韩国总统尹锡悦在7月北约土耳其峰会上承诺为乌克兰重建提供1亿美元资金1，而随后韩国港口的燃料运输量激增。同时，2025年韩国贸易协会的调查显示，近80%战争以来停止对俄出口的韩国企业愿意恢复贸易1，反映出经济利益正在削弱制裁的执行力度。

Approximately 176,000 tons of fuel, predominantly diesel, have been transported from South Korean ports to Russia's Far East region between July and August 2024 aboard seven tankers, according to analysis of port records and vessel tracking data 1. Three of these tankers are subject to sanctions imposed by the United Kingdom and European Union 1. The shipments mark a significant breach in the Western sanctions regime targeting Russian energy supplies, particularly given South Korea's stated support for Ukraine in the ongoing conflict.

Among the sanctioned vessels involved, one transferred cargo through ship-to-ship operations in South Korean waters, a technique used to obscure the origin of shipments 1. In August 2024, Russia imported 368,000 tons of oil products in total, representing the highest monthly volume since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine began, with 112,000 tons—or 31 percent of that total—originating from South Korea, making the country the second-largest supplier after India 1. The surge in exports occurred shortly after South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol pledged $100 million toward Ukrainian reconstruction at the NATO summit in Turkey in July 1.

The fuel shipments are destined for Rosneft and NNK, both sanctioned Russian state oil companies 1. International Energy Agency data reveals that Russian refining capacity had declined to its lowest level in over two decades by June, with diesel production falling nearly 30 percent year-over-year 1. A 2025 survey by the Korean Trade Association found that nearly 80 percent of South Korean companies that had halted exports to Russia since the war began expressed willingness to resume trade 1.