俄罗斯鼠疫实验室工作人员疑似感染肺鼠疫去世 200人隔离观察

俄罗斯一家鼠疫研究实验室的工作人员因疑似肺鼠疫感染死亡，引发大规模防疫措施。15死者为伊尔库茨克抗鼠疫研究所研究员达里亚·希皮洛娃，5于2024年10月1日至2日夜间病故。5俄罗斯官方卫生机构称其死因为"原因不明的肺炎"，样本未检出与职业相关的微生物。1据未经证实的报道，希皮洛娃于9月25日意外打破了含有鼠疫病原体的试管，5随后于9月29日因严重肺炎入院。5伊尔库茨克邻近地区首长阿列克谢·茨登诺夫先报道她死于鼠疫，后改口称她"可能"死于该病。5

此次疫情导致约200名密切接触者被隔离观察，13两家医院和一家儿童诊所被隔离。1目前尚未有进一步感染病例的报告。1美国国务院、欧盟和美国政府正在密切监测事件发展，并寻求获取更多信息。2346

肺鼠疫是由耶尔森氏菌引起的三种鼠疫形式之一，1通过空气飞沫传播，1是世卫组织认定的最具致病性的鼠疫形式。1该疾病潜伏期可短至24小时，未经治疗可在18至24小时内致命。1不过，肺鼠疫可在发病约24小时内使用常见抗生素治愈，治愈率较高。1

A 28-year-old laboratory worker at Russia's anti-plague research institute in the Siberian town of Shelekhov, near Irkutsk, has died under circumstances involving a suspected pneumonic plague infection 15. The researcher, identified as Daria Shpilova, died between October 1-2, 2024 5. Russian health authorities, including Rospotrebnadzor, attributed the death to "pneumonia of unknown origin" and stated that samples did not detect workplace-related microorganisms 1. Unconfirmed reports indicate that Shpilova may have accidentally broken a test tube containing plague pathogens (Yersinia pestis) on September 25 and was hospitalized on September 29 with severe pneumonia 5. Regional officials initially reported her death as plague-related but later stated she "possibly" died from the disease 5.

The incident has triggered a significant public health response and international concern. Approximately 200 close contacts have been placed under medical observation or quarantine 123, with two hospitals and a pediatric clinic isolated 1. The European Union stated it is monitoring the situation "very closely," while United States officials, including the State Department, are seeking detailed information about the death and containment measures 246.

Pneumonic plague, one of three forms caused by Yersinia pestis, is transmitted through airborne respiratory droplets and represents the most pathogenic plague form according to the World Health Organization 1. The disease has an incubation period as short as 24 hours and can be fatal within 18-24 hours if untreated 1. Untreated bubonic plague carries a mortality rate of 30-60%, while septicemic and pneumonic plague are typically fatal without treatment 1. However, pneumonic plague can be cured with common antibiotics within approximately 24 hours of symptom onset, with high survival rates 1.