波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那于2026年10月4日举行大选，首次采用生物识别指纹技术防止包括死者投票在内的舞弊行为1。尽管投票程序得到改进，三个主要民族主义政党仍分别在各自社区获胜：塞族的SNSD党、波什尼亚克人的SDA党和克罗地亚人的HDZ BiH党1。该国政治版图基本保持不变，长期存在的民族分裂局面依旧1。
本次选举投票率40%多，创下1995年波斯尼亚战争结束以来的最低纪录1。在塞族地区，SNSD党表现强势，其候选人萨沃·米尼奇成为塞族共和国总统，泽尔卡·茨维亚诺维奇保留了三人制总统团中的塞族席位1。丹尼斯·贝齐罗维奇代表SDA党赢得总统中的波什尼亚克席位，达里亚娜·菲利波维奇代表HDZ BiH赢得克罗地亚席位1。
值得注意的是，在2025年因违抗高代表而被定罪、禁止任职6年的米洛拉德·多迪克所在的SNSD党仍在选举中获得胜利1。多迪克随后宣布回归"原始代顿"立场，主张撤销自1995年以来该国获得的权力，包括司法和军队等领域1。有媒体报道称，SNSD与HDZ BiH可能达成协议，两党代表进入总统团后有可能赦免多迪克，使其能够恢复塞族共和国总理职位1。
Bosnia and Herzegovina held nationwide elections on October 4, implementing biometric fingerprint verification at polling stations to prevent electoral fraud such as votes cast on behalf of deceased voters.1 Despite the introduction of this new safeguard technology, the election results reinforced existing political divisions, with three nationalist parties retaining dominance within their respective ethnic communities.1
The three major parties each secured victory among their ethnic base: the Serb-dominated SNSD party, the Bosniak-led SDA party, and the Croat-affiliated HDZ BiH party.1 Savo Minic of SNSD became the Serb member of the presidency, Zeljka Cvijanovic retained the Serb presidential seat, Denis Becirovic of SDA won the Bosniak seat, and Darijana Filipovic of HDZ BiH secured the Croat seat.1 Voter turnout reached just over 40%, marking the lowest participation rate since the end of the 1995 Bosnian war.1
The political landscape was complicated by the continued strength of SNSD, the party of Milorad Dodik, who was convicted in 2025 for defying the High Representative and barred from holding office for six years.1 Following his conviction, Dodik announced a return to "original Dayton," calling for the withdrawal of state powers acquired since 1995, including judicial and military authority.1 Media reports suggest that a potential political agreement between SNSD and HDZ BiH could allow both parties' representatives within the presidency to grant Dodik amnesty, enabling his return to the position of Serb Republic Prime Minister.1
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