印度科学研究所的研究团队通过元分析发现，野生动物会根据人类威胁的性质调整自身行为。1该研究发表在《生态学快报》2025年第28卷第12期，分析了三十年的研究数据。1
研究显示，当面临猎人或渔民等致命威胁时，动物表现出高度的警惕性并明显减少取食时间。1相比之下，野生动物对游客和研究人员等非致命人类活动的反应较弱且缺乏可预测性。1研究团队基于这些发现提出，动物能够根据威胁的严重程度和可预测性来改变行为策略，这一发现支持了生态学中的"风险分配假说"。1该研究由Shawn D'Souza、Kartik Shanker和Maria Thaker等研究者完成。1
A meta-analysis conducted by researchers at India's Centre for Ecological Sciences reveals that wild animals do not treat all humans as equivalent threats.1 According to the study published in Ecology Letters Volume 28, Issue 12 in December 2025, animals exhibit markedly different behavioral responses depending on whether they encounter hunters and fishermen—who pose a direct, lethal risk—or tourists and researchers conducting non-harmful activities.1
When confronted with deadly threats such as hunting or fishing, wildlife demonstrated heightened vigilance and significantly reduced foraging time.1 In contrast, encounters with non-lethal human activity triggered weaker and less predictable behavioral changes.1 The research, which analyzed three decades of scientific data, supports the risk allocation hypothesis: animals adjust their conduct based on both the severity and predictability of perceived threats.1
The findings were authored by Shawn D'Souza, Kartik Shanker, and Maria Thaker.1
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