德州农工大学研究人员Matthew Powell Palm团队开发了一项器官保存技术，将猪肾脏冷却至−4°C而不形成冰晶，实现了体外长期保存的重大进展2。这种深度冷冻方法使器官保存时间延长至72小时，超过现有临床标准（18-24小时）的三倍2。经过超冷处理的猪肾脏被成功移植入受体动物，移植后立即开始产生尿液，并在约10天内恢复正常功能2。Powell Palm表示，"这是历史上首次报告的此类成果"2。
器官短缺是全球移植医学面临的重大挑战1。美国超过104,000人正在等待肾脏移植，每天因等待移植而死亡的患者达17人，某些年份被放弃的捐献肾脏比例约占三分之一2。现有冰保存技术通常只能维持器官生存约24小时2。长期监测显示，一只猪的移植肾脏在200天的观察期内仍保持健康状态2。此外，初步研究表明，保存120小时的器官也显示出健康迹象2。
研究人员正探索多种体外器官保存方法，包括极端冷冻、化学保护剂和机器灌注系统1。机器灌注设备已能维持肝脏和肾脏的活力约24小时1，而Valencia的科学家利用灌注系统将人类子宫保活一天1。这些技术的发展最终目标是建立器官库，进行检测和配型，从根本上缓解供体器官短缺问题1。
Researchers at Texas A&M University have developed a deep-freezing technique that preserves organs at −4°C without ice crystal formation, marking a significant advance in addressing the critical shortage of donor organs 2. Led by Matthew Powell Palm, the team successfully transplanted supercooled pig kidneys into recipient pigs after 72-hour storage periods, a duration three times longer than the current clinical standard of 18 to 24 hours 2. According to Powell Palm, "It's the first time this has ever been reported in history" 2.
The breakthrough carries substantial clinical implications. More than 104,000 patients in the United States are currently awaiting kidney transplants, with approximately 17 people dying each day while waiting for organs 2. Additionally, roughly one-third of donated kidneys are discarded in certain years in the United States 2. The supercooled kidneys demonstrated rapid functional recovery after transplantation, with one kidney that had been stored for 24 hours immediately producing urine and achieving normal function within approximately ten days 2. Long-term follow-up data showed that after 200 days of monitoring, transplanted kidneys remained healthy, with recipient pigs gaining approximately 30 percent in body weight and their transplanted kidneys nearly doubling in size 2.
Beyond this specific achievement, scientists are exploring multiple preservation methodologies to establish organ banks for testing and matching 1. Researchers have employed extreme cryopreservation at −196°C for decades to preserve eggs, sperm, and embryos 1, while machine perfusion devices can maintain liver and kidney viability for approximately 24 hours 1. These complementary approaches collectively represent a multifaceted effort to overcome the fundamental limitation that organs can survive only hours outside the body, even when stored on ice 1.
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