詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜的最新观测表明，宇宙大爆炸仅500万年后，早期星系就已经在向周围空间散射碳、氧、硅等重元素1。亚利桑那大学天文学团队通过分析距地球130亿光年的三个星系光谱，发现这些处于婴幼期的星系中重元素的逃逸速度远超科学家此前的预期1，改变了对早期宇宙化学成分演化的认识。
该研究团队利用詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜的红外观测能力，通过检测吸收线的蓝移特征来追踪重元素信号，累计观测曝光时间约30小时1。相关研究成果已发表在2026年《自然天文学》期刊上1，由亚利桑那大学天文学与斯图尔德天文台博士后研究员朱永达领导1。
The James Webb Space Telescope has revealed that the early universe was significantly more turbulent than scientists had assumed, with infant galaxies already dispersing heavy elements into surrounding space just five million years after the Big Bang.1 Researchers led by astronomer Yongda Zhu at the University of Arizona analyzed the light spectra of three galaxies located 13 billion light-years from Earth, discovering that these young galactic systems were ejecting carbon, oxygen, and silicon at velocities far exceeding theoretical predictions.1
The findings fundamentally reshape our understanding of chemical evolution in the primordial cosmos.1 Using JWST's infrared capabilities, the team detected heavy element signals through absorption line blueshifts during approximately 30 hours of cumulative telescope exposure, observing activity occurring when the universe was merely three percent of its current age.1 The study, published in Nature Astronomy in 2026, documents how these early galaxies were rapidly enriching the intergalactic medium with metals on an unexpectedly accelerated timeline, challenging long-held assumptions about the pristine nature of the infant universe.1
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