国际癌症研究机构的全球分析显示，2024年全球约230万新增癌症病例由病原体感染直接导致，占全球癌症总数的12%1。这些感染引发超过20种不同类型的癌症1。其中，仅四种病毒和一种细菌——HPV、幽门螺杆菌、乙肝病毒、丙肝病毒和EB病毒——就造成了全球大多数感染相关的癌症负担1。
具体而言，幽门螺杆菌每年导致76万例癌症，主要为非贲门胃癌；HPV引发75万例，其中宫颈癌占60万例1。乙肝病毒和丙肝病毒分别造成36万例和16万例肝癌1，EB病毒则导致26万例癌症1。该研究已发表在《柳叶刀肿瘤学》期刊1。
这类由感染引起的癌症具有高度可预防性1。通过疫苗接种、筛查和抗微生物疗法等措施可显著降低相关风险1。以澳大利亚为例，HPV疫苗已对12至25岁人群免费提供1。
A comprehensive global analysis by the International Agency for Research on Cancer has determined that approximately 12 percent of cancer cases worldwide in 2024—equivalent to 2.3 million new diagnoses—are directly caused by pathogenic infections 1. Among the various infectious agents involved, just four viruses and one bacterium are responsible for the majority of infection-related cancers globally 1.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) caused around 750,000 cancer cases, with cervical cancer accounting for 600,000 of these cases 1. Helicobacter pylori bacteria resulted in approximately 760,000 cases annually, predominantly non-cardia gastric cancer 1. Hepatitis B virus was linked to 360,000 liver cancer cases, while hepatitis C virus contributed to 160,000 cases 1. Epstein-Barr virus was associated with 260,000 cancer cases 1. Collectively, these pathogens are responsible for more than twenty different cancer types 1.
The findings, published in The Lancet Oncology, underscore that infection-related cancers are highly preventable through vaccination, screening, and antimicrobial therapies 1. In Australia, HPV vaccines are provided free of charge to individuals aged 12 to 25 years 1.
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