一项NBER研究发现，2018年至2024年间，全球约2-6%的世界银行外援被挪用至加密货币钱包1。根据该研究的分析，这一比例相当于17至44亿美元的援助资金1。研究人员通过区块链取证手段，识别出符合传统洗钱流程（置换、分层、整合）的加密活动模式，追踪到这些资金主要流向匿名及新建立的钱包，其中交易主要在避税天堂及主流加密交易所进行1。
此次研究涵盖了238亿美元的世界银行援助样本，涉及93个受援国1。被挪用资金来自运输、水和卫生、社会保护和治理等四个领域1。研究表明，挪用活动主要集中在援助拨款到达的月份1。即使存在这些违规行为，这些部门仍继续获得世界银行的后续资金1。该研究由Sumit Agarwal、Peiyi Jin、Eswar S. Prasad和Daniel Rabetti等人完成1。
A new study from the National Bureau of Economic Research has uncovered significant diversion of World Bank foreign assistance into cryptocurrency wallets between 2018 and 2024.1 The research, conducted by Sumit Agarwal, Peiyi Jin, Eswar S. Prasad, and Daniel Rabetti, examined approximately $23.8 billion in World Bank aid distributed across 93 recipient countries and identified that between 2 and 6 percent of these funds—equivalent to $1.7 billion to $4.4 billion—were diverted into crypto wallets.1 The diverted funds followed traditional money laundering patterns, including placement, layering, and integration stages, with activity concentrated around the months when aid disbursements arrived.1
The researchers found that diversion occurred across multiple sectors, including transportation, water and sanitation, social protection, and governance.1 Anonymous and newly created cryptocurrency wallets were the primary vehicles for this activity, operating through both tax havens and mainstream cryptocurrency exchanges to facilitate the transfers.1 Despite these findings, the government departments and agencies involved in the diversions continued to receive subsequent World Bank funding allocations.1
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