物理学教授Matthew Schwartz描述了一种利用Claude大语言模型进行科学研究的新方法。1他发现通过寻找适合当前LLM能力的"Claude形"问题，Claude能在数学物理、种群遗传学、生态学等多个领域实现显著进展。1这一方法通过让AI执行技术工作而让人类专注于概念指导，解决了传统科学家与LLM之间的"阻抗失配"问题。1
Schwartz在Anthropic担任访问研究员期间开发了BootLoops工具包，用于精确计算定量科学中的复杂问题，特别是椭圆积分等。1Claude Opus 4.5在速度上比物理学研究生快20倍，但需要大量手动纠正。1在仅几周内，他完成了15个已知结果的重现和15个从未被计算过的积分。1
该方法在多个领域取得具体成果。在生态学中立生物多样性理论的应用中，巴罗科罗拉多岛树种组成变化速度被发现是中立理论预期的4.5倍。1在种群遗传学领域，Schwartz分析了1000基因组项目中57亿对相邻突变，发现了基因转换机制的证据。1三个月内，他与19位合作者在18个学科领域产生36篇手稿，这些研究均从约400个候选问题中甄选而出。1BootLoops工具包已在GitHub上开源。1
Physics professor Matthew Schwartz has demonstrated a novel approach to accelerating scientific research by leveraging Claude, an advanced language model, alongside a custom-built toolkit called BootLoops 1. Working as a visiting researcher at Anthropic, Schwartz identified a method for identifying "Claude-shaped" problems—research questions well-suited to current large language model capabilities—and found that this strategy could drive significant scientific progress across multiple disciplines 1.
The approach addresses what Schwartz characterizes as an impedance mismatch between traditional scientists and language models by allowing AI to handle technical computational work while humans maintain conceptual oversight 1. Claude Opus 4.5 operates approximately 20 times faster than physics graduate students on certain tasks, though the results require substantial manual correction 1. The BootLoops toolkit was developed to handle complex quantitative calculations in disciplines like mathematical physics, particularly for challenging problems involving elliptic integrals and similar computations 1. Within weeks, the team successfully reproduced 15 known mathematical results and computed 15 previously unstudied integrals 1.
Applied across multiple scientific domains, this method yielded tangible discoveries. In ecology, when examining neutral theory predictions for Barro Colorado Island, researchers found that tree species composition changed 4.5 times faster than neutral theory would predict 1. Population genetics analysis of 5.7 billion adjacent mutations from the 1000 Genomes Project revealed evidence for gene conversion mechanisms 1. Over a three-month period, Schwartz and 19 collaborators produced 36 manuscripts spanning 18 different fields, selected from approximately 400 candidate problems 1. The BootLoops toolkit has been made publicly available as open-source software on GitHub 1.
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