开罗市政当局在中国国家主席习近平国事访问前夕，委托青年志愿者组织Rasmet Basma创作了一幅66米长的壁画，矗立在解放广场，描绘古埃及法老图坦卡蒙和皇后纳芙蒂蒂1。该壁画因将这两位历史人物刻画成深肤色而引发激烈争议，被批评重新提起了关于古埃及法老种族和地域来源的非中心主义主张1。壁画设计由ChatGPT AI程序生成，由22岁的艾哈迈德·穆萨领导的创作团队仅用5天时间准备完成1。
习近平抵达埃及前数小时，开罗当局下令覆盖该壁画1。埃及前文物部长扎希·哈瓦斯随后表示，"将古埃及文明与撒哈拉以南非洲相联系的主张是胡说八道"1。不过，开罗美国大学埃及学家莫妮卡·汉娜指出，"埃及人从未是单一肤色"1。这并非埃及首次因涉及古埃及人物的肤色问题陷入争议——2023年Netflix纪录片选用深肤色演员饰演埃及艳后曾引发讨论，2024年6月埃及博物馆也发生过类似事件1。
A 66-meter mural commissioned by Cairo authorities ahead of a state visit depicted the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun and queen Nefertiti with dark skin, sparking heated debate over historical representation and racial identity.1 The artwork, created by the youth volunteer organization Rasmet Basma in late August over just five days, was designed using the AI program ChatGPT and was displayed in Liberation Square.1 Cairo authorities ordered the mural covered just hours before the visiting dignitary's arrival, removing it from public view.1
The mural's portrayal of the historical figures ignited fierce disagreement among prominent voices. Former Egyptian Minister of Antiquities Zahi Hawass dismissed the artistic choice outright, stating that claims linking ancient Egyptian civilization to sub-Saharan Africa constitute "nonsense."1 In contrast, Egyptologist Monica Hanna from the American University in Cairo offered a different perspective, noting that "Egyptians were never of a single skin color."1 The 22-year-old project lead, Ahmed Musa, oversaw the volunteer team's efforts on the commissioned work.1
The controversy reflects broader tensions over how ancient Egypt's heritage and demographic identity are depicted.1 Similar debates have surfaced in recent years, including discussions surrounding a 2023 Netflix documentary that cast a dark-skinned actress as Cleopatra, as well as an incident involving museum guides in Egypt in June 2024.1
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