澳大利亚科学家通过对188对夫妇的研究，确认了细菌性阴道炎（BV）复发的两个关键因素：抗生素治疗后感染的持续存在和来自性伴侣的再感染1。研究发现，约三分之一接受治疗的女性其BV未能完全清除，导致她们在四周内复发的可能性增加三倍1。这项研究已发表在《柳叶刀妇产科、妇科与女性健康》杂志上1。
在该研究中，女性参与者接受了为期一周的口服抗生素治疗，男性伴侣同时接受口服和局部抗菌药物治疗1。约三分之二的女性治疗后恢复至最优阴道微生物群落，主要以健康乳酸杆菌为主1。研究还发现，30%的女性参与者使用了宫内节育器，这可能增强BV治疗后的持续感染1。研究团队计划通过延长治疗时间和联合使用多种抗生素来提高治愈率1。2024年3月发表的先前研究表明，对患者和男性伴侣进行并发治疗可将复发率降低60%以上1。
Researchers in Australia have identified two primary drivers of bacterial vaginosis (BV) recurrence through a study involving 188 couples, revealing that incomplete treatment response and reinfection from sexual partners both contribute significantly to the condition's persistence.1 Approximately one-third of treated women failed to achieve complete clearance of the infection, placing them at three times higher risk of recurrence within four weeks.1 The findings suggest that roughly two-thirds of female participants recovered to an optimal vaginal microbiome dominated by healthy lactobacilli following treatment.1
The research team, led by scientists from Monash University and the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, conducted the study with women receiving a week-long course of oral antibiotics while their male partners received both oral and topical antimicrobial medications concurrently.1 Notably, the study found that 30 percent of female participants used intrauterine devices, which may enhance persistent infection following BV treatment.1 Investigators plan to improve cure rates by extending treatment duration and combining multiple antibiotics.1 The study has been published in The Lancet Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Women's Health.1
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