中国科学院理化技术研究所低温科学与技术全国重点实验室研究团队首次提出用交流电替代直流电驱动直接电解海水制氢的新策略1。这一创新方法通过交流电极性的周期性反转，使同一电极交替充当阴极和阳极1，进而让阴极半周期产生的氢氧根离子在阳极半周期被原位实时消耗1。该策略有效解决了传统直流海水电解中沉淀积累导致性能衰减的技术瓶颈1。
相比传统方法，新策略具有显著优势。该方法无需进行海水预处理和使用离子交换膜1，可与海上风电、光伏等可再生能源耦合，实现海上就地制氢1。研究团队还通过耦合乙二醇氧化反应，在制氢的同时实现联产高附加值乙醇酸，达到"一电两得"的效果1。相关成果已在国际学术期刊《德国应用化学》上发表1。
A research team at the Low Temperature Science and Technology National Key Laboratory of the Institute of Process Engineering under the Chinese Academy of Sciences has introduced a novel strategy for direct seawater electrolysis using alternating current instead of direct current to generate hydrogen 1. This breakthrough addresses a longstanding technical challenge in conventional DC seawater electrolysis, where the accumulation of precipitates leads to performance degradation 1.
The new approach operates without requiring seawater preprocessing or ion exchange membranes 1. The method works by periodically reversing the polarity of the AC current, allowing the same electrode to alternately function as a cathode and anode 1. During the cathode half-cycle, hydroxide ions are produced, and these are immediately consumed in situ during the subsequent anode half-cycle 1. This design eliminates the precipitation buildup that plagues traditional DC systems.
The technology can be coupled with offshore wind and solar power installations to enable on-site hydrogen production at sea 1. Additionally, the system achieves dual benefits by simultaneously coupling with ethylene glycol oxidation reactions to coproduce glycolic acid, a high-value chemical product 1. The research findings have been published in the international journal Angewandte Chemie 1.
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