新西兰于2月放宽了注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)药物的处方权限，允许经过职业培训的全科医生和护士执业者为成人患者处方兴奋剂药物1。这项改革旨在打破对精神科医生和儿科医生的长期依赖，然而近八个月的实施结果表明，扩大处方者范围并未有效改善患者的整体获医体验。
根据新西兰的数据，成人ADHD患病率估计在2.5%至3.4%之间1。然而，2022年的处方数据显示，仅有约三分之一的50岁以下疑似ADHD成人获得了兴奋剂药物治疗1。改革实施后的障碍仍然诸多。全面的ADHD评估可能需要1至3小时1，远超过标准全科医生门诊的时间安排，这使许多医生难以在日常诊疗中提供深入评估。此外，60%以上的成人ADHD患者同时罹患焦虑、抑郁、创伤后应激障碍或自闭症等其他疾病1，进一步增加了诊疗复杂性。
2025年由卫生部、药物和治疗产品管理局及新西兰皇家全科医生学院发布的国家临床原则框架要求医生在进行ADHD评估时具备相关"专业知识"，但框架中并未规定强制性的培训或能力标准1。与此同时，诊断标准的不统一、治疗成本高昂以及不同社群获得治疗机会的差异继续成为患者获医的主要障碍1。
New Zealand relaxed its prescribing restrictions in February, enabling specially trained general practitioners and nurse practitioners to dispense stimulant medications to adults with ADHD 1. The policy shift aimed to alleviate the long-standing burden on psychiatrists and pediatricians, yet nearly eight months later, expanding the pool of authorized prescribers has failed to meaningfully improve patient access to assessment and treatment 1.
Significant obstacles persist despite the regulatory change. An estimated 2.5% to 3.4% of New Zealand's adult population has ADHD 1, yet 2022 prescription data revealed that only approximately one-third of suspected cases in people under 50 received stimulant treatment 1. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation can require one to three hours—substantially longer than the typical general practice appointment—creating a practical barrier to timely identification 1. Moreover, over 60% of adults with ADHD experience concurrent conditions including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, or autism 1, adding clinical complexity to assessment and management.
The newly introduced national clinical principles framework, released in 2025 by the Ministry of Health, the Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority, and the Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners, mandates that practitioners possess "specialist knowledge" in ADHD assessment 1. However, this requirement lacks enforceable training standards or defined competency benchmarks 1. Disparities in treatment availability across different communities and the high cost of care further constrain equitable access to diagnosis and therapy 1.
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