国际天文学家团队利用爱因斯坦探针卫星等多台观测设备，在2025年7月4日检测到一次创纪录的X射线闪光事件，可能揭示了中子星碰撞产生磁星的过程1。这次被编号为EP250704a/GRB 250704B的事件中，伽马射线爆发持续约0.5秒，而其X射线发射持续近10分钟，创造了迄今最长的中子星合并X射线闪光纪录1。
通过测定红移值z=0.6610，研究人员确认爆炸发生在距地球66亿年前1。研究团队未检测到超新星，排除了大质量恒星塌缩的可能性，进一步确认这是一次中子星合并事件1。除爱因斯坦探针卫星外，SVOM、Insight-HXMT、欧南天文台甚大望远镜（VLT）和甚大阵列（VLA）等多个观测工具也参与了这一发现的验证1。相关研究成果已发表于《科学通报》2026年第18期1。
An international team of astronomers has detected what may be the most prolonged X-ray emission ever observed from a neutron star merger, potentially offering unprecedented insights into magnetar formation.1 The event, designated EP250704a/GRB 250704B, was detected on July 4, 2025, using the Einstein Probe satellite alongside observations from multiple other instruments.1 While the associated gamma-ray burst lasted approximately 0.5 seconds, the X-ray emission persisted for nearly 10 minutes, marking the longest such flash ever recorded from a neutron star merger.1
Through spectroscopic measurements and systematic analysis, researchers determined the cataclysm occurred 6.6 billion years ago, as indicated by a redshift value of z=0.6610.1 Crucially, no supernova signature was detected in follow-up observations, ruling out the possibility that the event resulted from the collapse of a massive star.1 The research team employed a coordinated observation strategy involving the Einstein Probe satellite, SVOM, Insight-HXMT, the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope, and the Very Large Array to characterize the event comprehensively.1 The findings have been published in Science Bulletin, Volume 18, 2026, with DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2026.08.021.1
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