英国银行成欧洲最大煤炭融资方

根据环保组织Urgewald的报告，英国银行是欧洲最大的煤炭融资方。1自2021年格拉斯哥COP26会议以来的四年间，英国银行向煤炭行业提供了83亿美元的融资，远超同期德国的49亿美元和法国的34亿美元。1其中巴克莱银行和汇丰银行成为这一增长的主要推动力——巴克莱煤炭融资从2022年的约12亿美元增至2025年的16亿美元，增长34%；汇丰从2亿美元增至4.14亿美元，增长超过一倍。1这与两家银行公开宣称的气候承诺形成了显著对比。1

全球范围内，煤炭融资格局呈现不同方向的变化。1中国银行占据绝对主导地位，占全球煤炭融资的62%，提供了289亿美元，同比增长8%；美国银行提供67亿美元，增幅达23%；印度尼西亚银行融资增长64%。1与此相反，欧盟、台湾、马来西亚和泰国的银行则明显减少了对煤炭行业的融资。1

汇丰银行承诺到2030年在欧盟和经合组织市场、到2040年在其他市场淘汰"燃煤电力和燃煤采矿"融资。1该行表示其2020至2024年间燃煤采矿融资相关排放下降了94%，融资敞口从约10亿美元降至5亿美元。1

UK banks have emerged as Europe's largest financiers of the global coal industry, according to a report by environmental organization Urgewald. 1 Between 2021 and 2025—the four years following the Glasgow COP26 climate conference—British banks provided $8.3 billion in coal financing, substantially exceeding Germany's $4.9 billion and France's $3.4 billion in the same period. 1 This financing surge contradicts the public climate and net-zero commitments made by leading UK institutions, particularly Barclays and HSBC, which together have driven much of the growth. 1

Barclays and HSBC have significantly increased their coal financing despite their stated environmental pledges. 1 Barclays' coal financing rose 34 percent from approximately $1.2 billion in 2022 to $1.6 billion in 2025, while HSBC more than doubled its exposure, climbing from $200 million to $414 million over the same period. 1 HSBC has committed to phasing out "coal-fired power and coal mining" financing in EU and OECD markets by 2030 and in other markets by 2040. 1 The bank claims its coal mining-related financing emissions fell 94 percent between 2020 and 2024, with exposure declining from approximately $1 billion to $500 million. 1

Chinese banks dominate global coal financing, accounting for 62 percent of worldwide coal financing at $289 billion and growing 8 percent, while US banks provided $67 billion with a 23 percent increase. 1 Indonesian banks expanded their coal financing by 64 percent. 1 In contrast, banks in the EU, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Thailand have significantly reduced their coal financing commitments. 1