根据Copernicus海洋状态报告第十版，全球海洋去年吸收了创纪录的23zettajoules热量1，这一数字相当于人类年度能源使用总量的近40倍1。海洋已吸收约三分之一的人类排放二氧化碳和约90%温室气体困住的额外热量1。这种大规模热吸收正在引发一系列连锁反应，威胁海洋生态系统的稳定。
海平面持续上升，升速加快。自1999年以来，全球海平面年均上升约3.8毫米1，但在2012至2025年间，这一速度已加快至年均4.2毫米1。与此同时，全球海洋过去40年的酸化程度增加了17%1。最为直观的生态灾难体现在珊瑚礁上——2023年1月至2025年9月间，84%的世界珊瑚礁经历了白化级热应力1。此外，过去30年间近5%的海洋出现了浮游植物生长模式的持久转变1，这预示着海洋食物链可能面临重大调整。极地地区也未能幸免，2022年南极4个帝企鹅种群在低海冰纪录时期出现完全繁殖失败1。
According to the tenth edition of the Copernicus Ocean State Report, global oceans absorbed a record 23 zettajoules of heat last year, equivalent to nearly 40 times humanity's annual energy consumption 1. This unprecedented thermal absorption has driven significant changes across marine ecosystems, with rising water temperatures, elevated sea levels, and accelerating ocean acidification.
Sea levels have risen at an average rate of approximately 3.8 millimeters annually since 1999, though this rate has accelerated to 4.2 millimeters per year between 2012 and 2025 1. The ocean has absorbed roughly one-third of human-emitted carbon dioxide and approximately 90 percent of the additional heat trapped by greenhouse gases 1. Over the past four decades, ocean acidification has intensified by 17 percent 1.
The warming has devastated marine life, particularly coral reefs. Between January 2023 and September 2025, 84 percent of the world's coral reefs experienced heat stress at bleaching levels 1. Marine biodiversity has also shifted, with nearly 5 percent of ocean areas showing persistent changes in phytoplankton growth patterns over the past 30 years 1. The report documented complete breeding failure among four Antarctic emperor penguin populations during a record low sea ice period in 2022 1.
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