从10月1日起，澳大利亚改革COVID-19疫苗政策，将覆盖范围缩小至特定高危人群 1。根据新规，75岁及以上人群每年可免费获得两剂疫苗（间隔约六个月），65-74岁人群每年获得一剂免费疫苗 1。此外，50-74岁的原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民，以及18-64岁免疫系统严重受损者，也被纳入免费接种范围，每年可获得一剂 1。
其他18-64岁的健康成年人若需接种，需自行购买，成本约为130-150澳元 1。这一政策调整标志着澳大利亚独立COVID疫苗项目的终结，该项目现已纳入国家免疫计划 1。
统计数据显示，COVID疫苗在预防重症和死亡方面作用显著。2021年中至年末期间，疫苗在维多利亚州预防了4,900例死亡 1。75岁及以上人群的死亡风险是65-74岁人群的8倍以上 1，而过去三个月内接种疫苗的65岁以上人群死亡风险降低了50% 1。原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民的COVID死亡率是非原住民的1.5倍 1。
Starting October 1, Australia has narrowed its free COVID-19 vaccination program, limiting complimentary doses to specific high-risk populations while requiring healthy working-age adults to pay out of pocket 1. The shift marks the end of Australia's standalone COVID vaccine initiative, with the program transitioning into the national immunization schedule 1.
Under the new policy, adults aged 75 and older remain eligible for two free doses annually, spaced approximately six months apart, while those aged 65 to 74 qualify for one free dose per year 1. Indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islander people aged 50 to 74, as well as individuals aged 18 to 64 with severely compromised immune systems, also continue to receive one free annual dose 1. Conversely, healthy adults between 18 and 64 must now purchase vaccines privately at an estimated cost of A$130 to A$150 per dose 1.
The policy adjustment reflects epidemiological risk stratification, as adults over 75 face mortality risks more than eight times higher than those aged 65 to 74 1. Indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islander people experience COVID-related death rates 1.5 times greater than non-Indigenous populations 1. Recent data demonstrates that adults over 65 who received a COVID vaccine within the preceding three months experienced a 50 percent reduction in mortality risk 1. During the mid-to-late 2021 period, COVID vaccination prevented approximately 4,900 deaths across Victoria alone 1.
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