光污染加剧，全球夜空正在消失

全球夜空正在以令人担忧的速度变亮。全球夜空每年变亮10%，全球约80%的人口生活在光污染天空下。1这种现象不仅改变了人类对星空的体验，更对自然界造成深刻影响。光污染干扰了海龟幼体导航、候鸟迁徙路线、植物花期，并破坏了所有生物的昼夜节律。1与此同时，超过11000颗星链卫星已在轨道上运行，加上计划中的人造日光卫星，进一步威胁着天空的黑暗。1

为应对这一危机，多个地区已开始采取行动。亚利桑那州旗杆镇早在1958年就颁布了首个室外照明规则，并于2001年成为美国首个认证的暗天空城市。1纽约州目前正在考虑推行《暗天空保护法案》，意在限制室外照明。1专家呼吁通过立法规范室外照明的亮度和方向，以推进全球暗天空保护措施，这些地区的实践表明此类措施是切实可行的。1

Global night skies are brightening at a rate of approximately 10% annually, a phenomenon driven by expanding artificial lighting that now affects roughly 80% of the world's population living under light-polluted skies 1. This escalating problem extends far beyond aesthetic concerns, as excessive illumination disrupts the natural behaviors of countless species and undermines human health through interference with circadian rhythms 1.

The ecological consequences are severe and multifaceted. Light pollution disorients sea turtle hatchlings during their critical journey to the ocean, alters migratory routes of birds, and disrupts flowering cycles in plants, ultimately affecting pollination processes and the survival of organisms dependent on natural day-night cycles 1. Beyond wildlife, the proliferation of artificial satellites compounds the challenge—over 11,000 Starlink satellites currently orbit Earth, with proposed artificial sunlight satellites posing additional threats to the night sky 1.

Despite these challenges, some communities have pioneered effective solutions. Flagstaff, Arizona established the first municipal outdoor lighting ordinances in 1958 and became the first certified Dark Sky City in 2001, demonstrating that legislative action can preserve darkness 1. Building on such precedents, New York State is currently considering the Dark Sky Protection Act, which would impose limits on outdoor lighting intensity and direction 1. These regulatory approaches offer a pathway toward reversing light pollution and restoring the natural darkness that has shaped life on Earth.