联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯即将于2024年底卸任，结束自2016年以来长达十年的任期。1在其告别演讲中，古特雷斯回顾了任期内面临的战争、人权践踏等严峻全球挑战。1
在古特雷斯的任期内，全球危机局势持续恶化。全球流离失所人口从2016年的6560万人增至1.18亿人，其中包括4500万儿童。1当前全球活跃武装冲突数量达到65场，为1946年以来之最。1
评论指出，古特雷斯在黑海粮食倡议和气候外交等方面有所建树。1然而，他在乌克兰、缅甸、苏丹和加沙等主要冲突中的调解作用有限，且未曾访问缅甸、苏丹或多个其他重大危机地点。1同时，联合国安理会常任理事国俄罗斯和美国先后违反联合国宪章发动战争，反映出联合国的制约力度不足。1
此外，联合国还面临资金困难。美国拖欠联合国40亿美元会费，迫使联合国进行预算削减。1综合这些因素，评论认为古特雷斯的任期遗产总体而言成绩欠佳。1
Antonio Guterres is concluding his tenure as United Nations Secretary-General at the end of 2024, marking the conclusion of a decade-long term that began in 2016.1 In his farewell address, Guterres reflected on the formidable challenges encountered during his time in office, including widespread armed conflict and human rights abuses.1 The global landscape has deteriorated significantly across multiple dimensions: the number of displaced persons worldwide has surged from 65.6 million in 2016 to 118 million, with 45 million of those being children.1 Additionally, the world currently faces 65 active armed conflicts, the highest number recorded since the United Nations was founded in 1946.1
Despite some accomplishments, Guterres' legacy presents a mixed record. His initiatives in areas such as the Black Sea grain corridor and climate diplomacy represent notable achievements, yet his mediation efforts in major conflicts have proven limited in scope and impact.1 Guterres has notably not visited Myanmar, Sudan, or several other locations experiencing significant crises.1 The Secretary-General's capacity to address these challenges has been constrained by institutional pressures, including the United States' unpaid contributions of $4 billion in dues owed to the organization, which has necessitated budget reductions by the UN.1 Before assuming the top UN role, Guterres served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002 and as the UN's High Commissioner for Refugees from 2005 to 2015.1
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