国际癌症研究机构发布的最新研究显示，2024年全球约230万新增癌症病例由感染引起，占全球新增癌症总数的12%1。其中，幽门螺杆菌和人乳头瘤病毒是主要致病源，分别导致76万例和近75万例癌症，幽门螺杆菌引发的病例主要集中在东亚地区，而人乳头瘤病毒相关病例高发于撒哈拉以南非洲1。本研究首次将爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒等16种新的感染源与癌症广泛关联，其中爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒2024年导致约26万例癌症1。
在发达国家，感染相关癌症的负担相对较低。加拿大2019年感染相关癌症发生率仅为4%，但每年仍超过7000例诊断，且每年约2000人死于胃癌1。为应对这一挑战，加拿大制定了宫颈癌消除计划，目标是将疫苗接种率和筛查率均提高至90%1。然而，目前仅约5个省份的疫苗接种率超过80%，至少一个省份的接种率仅为66%1。幽门螺杆菌可通过血液、呼气、粪便检测或内镜检查诊断，并可用两周抗生素疗程治疗1。该研究论文已于2026年9月29日发表在《柳叶刀肿瘤学》上1。
A comprehensive analysis by the International Agency for Research on Cancer has determined that infections were responsible for approximately 2.3 million new cancer cases worldwide in 2024, representing 12 percent of all newly diagnosed malignancies 1. The research, published on September 29, 2026, in The Lancet Oncology, identifies infectious pathogens as a significant but preventable cancer risk factor across global populations 1.
Helicobacter pylori and human papillomavirus emerged as the leading infectious culprits, causing 760,000 and approximately 750,000 cancer cases respectively 1. Helicobacter pylori infections predominantly affect populations in East Asia, while human papillomavirus-related cancers show higher prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa 1. The study marked the first comprehensive inclusion of Epstein-Barr virus among 16 newly recognized infectious sources linked to cancer development, with this virus alone contributing to approximately 260,000 cases in 2024 1.
Even in developed nations like Canada, infection-related cancers remain a public health concern. The country recorded a 4 percent incidence rate of infection-associated cancers in 2019, resulting in over 7,000 annual diagnoses and approximately 2,000 deaths from gastric cancer yearly 1. Canadian health authorities have established ambitious cervical cancer elimination targets, aiming to increase vaccination coverage and screening rates to 90 percent 1, though current vaccination rates remain inconsistent, with only about five provinces exceeding 80 percent coverage and at least one province as low as 66 percent 1. Helicobacter pylori can be detected through blood, breath, stool testing, or endoscopic examination, and is treatable with a two-week course of antibiotics 1.
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