根据世界卫生组织发布的最新研究，2024年全球约12%的癌症病例（230万例）可能由感染引起1。这项发表于《柳叶刀肿瘤学》的研究指出，五种主要病原体是导致感染相关癌症的主要原因：幽门螺杆菌占4%，人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）占4%，乙肝占2%，EB病毒占1%，丙肝不足1%1。病毒、细菌和寄生虫通过改变细胞基因和引发炎症等机制导致癌症发生1。
许多此类癌症可通过疫苗接种、感染治疗和筛查等措施预防1。感染相关癌症在全球分布不均，约75%发生在低收入和中等收入国家1。
澳大利亚的HPV疫苗计划自2007年启动以来取得显著成效，该国HPV感染率下降了90%1。然而，澳大利亚15岁女性的HPV疫苗接种率从2020年的85.7%下降至2024年的79.5%1。世界卫生组织和澳大利亚的目标是到2030年让90%的15岁女性接种HPV疫苗1。澳大利亚有望在2035年前消除宫颈癌1。
A new study released by the World Health Organization indicates that approximately 12% of cancer cases worldwide in 2024—roughly 2.3 million cases—are likely caused by infections.1 The research, published in The Lancet Oncology, identifies five major pathogens responsible for infection-related cancers: Helicobacter pylori accounting for 4% of cases, human papillomavirus (HPV) at 4%, hepatitis B at 2%, Epstein-Barr virus at 1%, and hepatitis C at less than 1%.1 The study explains how viruses, bacteria, and parasites trigger cancer through mechanisms including genetic alterations and chronic inflammation.1
About 75% of infection-related cancers occur in low-income and middle-income countries, where prevention and treatment resources are often limited.1 However, many of these cancers are preventable through vaccination, infection treatment, and screening programs.1 Australia's HPV vaccination program, launched in 2007, has achieved a 90% reduction in HPV infection rates, and the country could potentially eliminate cervical cancer by 2035.1 The World Health Organization and Australia have set a target for 2030 of vaccinating 90% of 15-year-old girls against HPV, though vaccination rates among this age group in Australia declined from 85.7% in 2020 to 79.5% in 2024.1
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