美国战略石油储备库存继续下滑，截至9月18日降至284.6百万桶1，创1982年10月以来最低纪录1。一周后储备进一步跌至283.8百万桶1，距离联邦法律规定的252.4百万桶最低运营限制已相去不远1。今年以来，该储备已两次创下数十年新低，首次在8月初跌破3亿桶，低于1983年的水平1。与去年同期的406.0百万桶相比，库存已下降100百万桶1。
这一下降源于特朗普政府3月授权的1.72亿桶释放计划，作为包括美国在内的32个国际能源署成员国协调释放4亿桶的组成部分1。该释放预计耗时约120天完成1。其中约1.33亿桶采用与壳牌、Vitol和Trafigura的掉期结构进行，按1:1.25的比例返还，交付预计在明年初开始1。政府承诺在一年内以不增加纳税人成本的方式补充约2亿桶1。普遍接受的战略石油储备运营最低限为250至300百万桶1。
The U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve has declined to 284.6 million barrels as of September 18, marking its lowest level since October 1982 1. The reserve subsequently fell further to 283.8 million barrels the following week, deepening a downward trend that has accelerated throughout 2022 1. The stockpile has dropped by approximately 100 million barrels compared to the same period last year, when it stood at 406 million barrels 1.
The sharp reduction stems from a coordinated international oil release authorized by the Trump administration in March 1. The U.S. government approved the release of 172 million barrels as part of a broader 400 million barrel drawdown coordinated among 32 member countries of the International Energy Agency 1. The administration estimated the release would take approximately 120 days to complete and committed to replenishing roughly 200 million barrels within a year without increasing costs to taxpayers 1. Of the total drawdown, approximately 133 million barrels were structured as swap agreements with Shell, Vitol, and Trafigura, with deliveries to return at a 1:1.25 ratio beginning in early 2023 1.
The current reserve level now approaches the federal statutory minimum operating limit of 252.4 million barrels, with industry observers recognizing a practical operational floor of 250 to 300 million barrels 1. In early August 2022, the reserve fell below 300 million barrels for the first time in decades, and it has continued to decline 1.
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