一项涵盖42项研究、4825名成人的系统综述发现，术前运动（术前康复）能够增强患者的身体准备状态并有效降低术后并发症风险1。这项研究分析了包括结肠癌、肺癌、心脏和血管等大手术患者的相关数据1。研究表明，全球约三分之二的人在其生命中需要接受大手术1。
监督下进行的有氧运动与术后并发症风险降低约40%相关，在高强度运动情况下这一效果更加显著，并发症风险可减少约50%1。与之相比，无监督的家庭运动虽然也能改善患者步行能力，但改善幅度较小，平均步行距离改善不足1米1。在峰值耗氧量指标上，监督下的运动显示出改善效果，而无监督运动则未见此类改善1。
A comprehensive analysis of 42 studies involving 4,825 adults demonstrates that structured exercise before surgery enhances patients' physical readiness and substantially lowers the risk of post-operative complications.1 The research, which examined outcomes across major surgical procedures including colorectal, lung, cardiac, and vascular operations, reveals that supervised aerobic exercise reduces post-surgery complication risk by approximately 40%, with even greater benefits observed during high-intensity training regimens, where complication rates drop by around 50% compared to standard care.1
While unsupervised home-based exercise also contributes to patient improvement, its effects prove more modest than supervised alternatives.1 Both supervised and unsupervised exercise approaches correlated with enhanced performance on the six-minute walk test, a standard measure of physical capacity.1 However, supervised exercise demonstrated measurable improvements in peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak), a critical cardiovascular indicator, whereas unsupervised home workouts did not achieve this metric improvement.1 Unsupervised exercise typically resulted in less than one meter of additional walking distance on average.1 The analysis underscores the importance of professional guidance in pre-operative conditioning, as the direct comparative effectiveness between supervised and unsupervised exercise remains unestablished in existing research.1
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