美国总统特朗普周五实施新一轮关税政策，对来自60个经济体的进口商品征收两位数关税 1。新关税税率介于10%至12.5%之间 1，其中12.5%的税率适用于缺乏强迫劳动进口禁令的国家，10%的税率适用于虽有相关限制但执行不力的国家 1。这些关税涵盖美国进口商品的99% 1，并于最高法院推翻特朗普去年全球关税后的凌晨0时01分生效 1。
美国贸易代表詹姆森·格瑞尔为新措施辩护，表示"美国近一个世纪以来一直有强迫劳动进口禁令，并严格执行；现在是我们贸易伙伴也这样做的时候了" 1。新关税根据《1974年贸易法》第301条实施 1。
批评人士指控这一举措是试图以不同名义重启先前被推翻的关税。俄勒冈州民主党参议员罗恩·怀登称之为"公然企图以不同名义复活特朗普非法全球关税" 1。
最高法院曾于今年2月推翻特朗普根据《1977年国际紧急经济权力法》实施的关税 1。据报道，美国关税收入在去年10月峰值超过314亿美元，随后回落至3月和4月各220亿美元，6月出现256亿美元的巨大亏损 1。零售业联合会预测，由于零售商在关税生效前备货，7月美国集装箱港口进口量将创历史新高 1。
President Trump on Friday implemented double-digit tariffs on imported goods from 60 trading partners, officially framed as a measure to prevent the importation of products made through forced labor 1. The new tariffs cover 99% of U.S. imports and took effect at 12:01 a.m. Friday, coinciding with the expiration of a temporary global tariff that the Supreme Court struck down in February 1.
The tariff rates range from 10% to 12.5%, with the higher rate applied to nations lacking laws prohibiting forced labor imports and the lower rate targeting countries with such restrictions but weak enforcement 1. The measure was implemented under Section 301 of the 1974 Trade Act 1.
Critics have characterized the action as an attempt to resurrect Trump's previous global tariffs under a different legal justification, following the Supreme Court's February decision to overturn tariffs the president imposed last year under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act 1. Democratic Senator Ron Wyden of Oregon stated: "This is a blatant attempt to resurrect Trump's illegal global tariffs under a different name" 1.
U.S. Trade Representative Jameson Greer defended the measure, saying: "America has had a forced labor import ban for nearly a century and enforces it strictly; now it is time for our trading partners to do the same" 1.
The tariffs arrive as U.S. customs revenue has fluctuated significantly, peaking at over $31.4 billion in October of last year before declining to $22 billion each in March and April, followed by a substantial shortfall of $25.6 billion in June 1. In anticipation of the tariffs, the Retail Industry Association projected that July would see record-high container port imports as retailers stockpile goods ahead of the duties taking effect 1.
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