特朗普政府放宽清洁汽车规则，逆转拜登电动化政策

特朗普政府周一宣布放宽覆盖2022至2031年期间的清洁汽车规则，逆转拜登政府加速向电动汽车过渡的政策方向。1 由美国运输部发布的新规放松了对汽油车和轻型卡车污染排放的要求。1 运输部长肖恩·达菲称这项名为"自由意味着经济实惠的汽车"的规则预计将使新车平均成本降低1300美元。1

运输部估计该规则五年内将为消费者节省1380亿美元。1 然而，该政策存在显著权衡——根据运输部自身估计，该规则将使2050年前燃料消耗增加约1000亿加仑、燃料支出增加1850亿美元、二氧化碳排放增加约5%。1 环保组织主任丹·贝克批评这一政策"忽视清洁技术的可行性"，认为消费者将为此付出代价。1

拜登政府曾规定2024-2025年燃油效率每年增加8%，2026年增加10%，2027-2031年每年增加2%，并以2030年新车销售中50%为电动汽车作为目标。1 特朗普政府的新规将这些进展大幅回调。1

The Trump administration announced Monday a significant relaxation of vehicle emissions rules originally designed to reduce pollution from gasoline-powered cars and trucks between 2022 and 2031 while accelerating the transition to electric vehicles.1 The new regulation, unveiled by the Department of Transportation, reverses the Biden administration's aggressive push toward electrification of the nation's vehicle fleet.1 Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy stated the initiative, branded "Freedom Means Affordable Cars," is projected to reduce the average cost of new vehicles by $1,300 and save consumers $138 billion over five years.1

However, environmental organizations disputed the administration's economic claims and raised concerns about long-term consequences.1 The Department of Transportation estimates the policy will increase fuel consumption by approximately 100 billion gallons before 2050, drive up fuel expenditures by $185 billion, and boost carbon dioxide emissions by roughly 5 percent.1 Environmental Director Dan Beck criticized the policy for "ignoring the viability of clean technology," arguing that consumers will ultimately bear the costs.1 The rollback contrasts sharply with the Biden administration's previous fuel efficiency requirements, which mandated annual increases of 8 percent for 2024–2025, 10 percent for 2026, and 2 percent annually for 2027–2031.1 The Biden administration had also set a target for electric vehicles to comprise 50 percent of new car sales by 2030.1