克拉托姆是一种原产于东南亚的草本植物，具有类阿片效应，近年在美国快速传播1。这种物质通常作为膳食补充剂在便利店和加油站销售，约在2016年进入美国市场1。密西西比大学两名学生的死亡事件引发了官方对这一物质的警示，尽管这些死亡事件不能直接归咎于克拉托姆，但专家指出该物质因缺乏联邦监管、易导致成瘾和中枢神经系统抑制而构成公共卫生风险1。
针对克拉托姆的管制措施正在美国扩大。目前已有11个州将其列为非法物质，分别为阿拉巴马州、阿肯色州、康涅狄格州、印第安纳州、堪萨斯州、路易斯安那州、马萨诸塞州、北达科他州、田纳西州、佛蒙特州和威斯康星州1。其中，马萨诸塞州在8月发布临时紧急禁令，是最后一个将克拉托姆定为非法的州1。十年前，美国缉毒局曾试图将克拉托姆列为第一级管制物质，但因遭司法部反对而未能成功1。目前美国食品药品监督管理局并不对克拉托姆进行监管1。在国际层面，克拉托姆在英国被禁，在其原产地马来西亚也根据1952年《毒物法》禁止其消费和销售1。
Kratom, a botanical substance native to Southeast Asia with opioid-like effects, has spread rapidly across the United States over the past decade and has become the focus of growing public health concern 1. The plant, typically sold as a dietary supplement in convenience stores and gas stations, lacks federal regulatory oversight despite evidence of addiction potential and risks of central nervous system depression 1.
The substance entered the American market around 2016 as a dietary supplement 1. Regulatory responses have been fragmented, with eleven states already prohibiting kratom: Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Massachusetts, North Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, and Wisconsin 1. Massachusetts became the most recent state to ban the substance, implementing a temporary emergency prohibition in August 1. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not regulate kratom 1, and a decade-long attempt by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration to classify it as a Schedule I controlled substance failed due to opposition from the Department of Justice 1.
Internationally, kratom is prohibited in the United Kingdom and in Malaysia, where the kratom tree originates, with consumption and sales banned under the 1952 Poisons Act 1.
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