美国最高法院周五裁定，州政府可以使用联邦SAVE数据库来验证选民的公民身份，推翻了下级法院的禁令1。下级法院此前认为该数据库存在过时和不准确的问题，可能导致合格选民被不当删除1。投票权倡导团体包括妇女选民联盟和电子隐私信息中心曾提起诉讼反对这一做法1。
SAVE数据库原本由国土安全部设计用于确定移民福利资格，在特朗普政府下被重新用于筛查选民身份1。国土安全部于2025年5月宣布该数据库可用于选民身份检查1。三位大法官凯坦吉·布朗·杰克逊、索尼亚·索托马约尔和埃琳娜·卡根对此裁定提出异议1。杰克逊大法官批评指出，国土安全部既未创建法律规定的系统记录通知，也未进行公众评论1。
根据联邦法律，各州在选举前90天内被禁止改变选民登记程序，这将限制该裁定对2026年选举的实际影响1。此前，特朗普政府在23起联邦法院案件中试图强制各州共享数据但均以失败告终1。
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled on Friday that states may utilize the federal SAVE database to verify voter citizenship, overturning a lower court decision that had deemed the database outdated and inaccurate with potential to wrongfully remove eligible voters from registration rolls 1. The SAVE database, originally designed by the Department of Homeland Security to determine immigration benefit eligibility, has been repurposed under the Trump administration to screen voter eligibility 1.
Voting rights advocacy groups, including the League of Women Voters and the Electronic Privacy Information Center, had challenged the practice in litigation 1. Three justices dissented from the majority decision: Ketanji Brown Jackson, Sonia Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan 1. Justice Jackson criticized the Department of Homeland Security for failing to create the legally mandated system of records and neglecting to conduct public comment 1. The ruling's impact on the 2026 elections will be limited by federal law, which prohibits states from changing voter registration procedures within 90 days of an election 1. The Trump administration has already experienced setbacks in its broader efforts to compel state data sharing, having lost 23 federal court cases on the matter 1.
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